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1. ​Basic Definition

• ​Scope: Biomedical science is an interdisciplinary field combining biology and medicine, aiming to study human health and disease mechanisms using biological principles and technologies, and to develop diagnostic, therapeutic, and preventive strategies.
• ​Core Focus: Investigates disease mechanisms and human physiological functions at molecular, cellular, tissue, and organ levels.

2. ​Key Research Areas

• ​Molecular and Cellular Biology: Studies how gene mutations, protein dysfunction, and disrupted cell signaling pathways lead to diseases (e.g., cancer, genetic disorders).
• ​Immunology: Explores the role of the immune system in infections, autoimmune diseases (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis), and vaccine development.
• ​Pharmacology: Develops drugs and studies their metabolism, mechanisms, and side effects (e.g., targeted cancer therapies).
• ​Medical Imaging and Diagnostics: Utilizes MRI, CT scans, and biomarker detection for early disease diagnosis.

3. ​Applications

• ​Disease Treatment:
  • ​Gene Therapy: Corrects genetic defects using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing (e.g., sickle cell anemia).
  • ​Regenerative Medicine: Repairs damaged tissues via stem cell technology (e.g., cardiac tissue regeneration).
• ​Diagnostic Tools:
  • ​Liquid Biopsy: Non-invasive cancer screening through blood-based detection of tumor DNA.
  • ​Biosensors: Wearable devices for real-time monitoring of glucose levels, heart rate, etc.
• ​Vaccine and Drug Development: Examples include mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines.

4. ​Technologies and Methods

• ​Omics Technologies: Genomics, proteomics, and metabolomics for systemic analysis of disease mechanisms.
• ​Bioinformatics: Uses big data to analyze disease-related gene or protein networks.
• ​Animal Models and Clinical Trials: Validates treatments using mice, zebrafish, and human trials.

5. ​Interdisciplinary Connections

• ​Biomedical Engineering: Combines engineering to develop artificial organs, prosthetics, and medical devices (e.g., pacemakers).
• ​Translational Medicine: Bridges basic research and clinical applications (e.g., turning lab discoveries into patient therapies).

6. ​Challenges and Ethical Issues

• ​Technical Challenges:
  • Off-target effects in gene editing (e.g., unintended DNA damage by CRISPR).
  • Heterogeneity in complex diseases (e.g., personalized differences in cancer treatment).
• ​Ethical Controversies:
  • Ethical boundaries of human embryo gene editing (e.g., “designer babies”).
  • Privacy risks in biomedical data (e.g., genetic information leaks).

7. ​Future Trends

• ​Precision Medicine: Tailoring treatments based on individual genetics, environment, and lifestyle.
• ​AI in Healthcare: AI-assisted diagnostics (e.g., deep learning for medical imaging analysis).
• ​Synthetic Biology: Designing artificial biological systems for drug production or therapy.

​Summary

Biomedical science is the cornerstone of medical advancement, integrating biology, chemistry, engineering, and other disciplines to unravel disease mechanisms and drive innovative therapies. Its core value lies in bridging basic science and clinical practice, ultimately enabling more precise, efficient, and safe healthcare solutions.