VINYL ACETATE MONOMER
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Category：Paint chemicals Own Brand：MT /MOQ:100KG /From China/ B2B only.
Introduction
Vinyl acetate monomer is a colorless liquid with active chemical properties, and is produced by reacting ethylene, acetic acid, and oxygen in a gas-phase state in the presence of a fixed-bed catalyst. A polymerization inhibitor must be added for storage.
Vinyl Acetate Monomer (VAM): Overview and Key Properties
| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Chemical Name | Vinyl Acetate Monomer (VAM) |
| IUPAC Name | Ethenyl Acetate |
| Molecular Formula | C₄H₆O₂ |
| CAS Number | 108-05-4 |
| Appearance | Colorless liquid |
| Odor | Sweet, fruity (pungent at high concentrations) |
Physical & Chemical Properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Boiling Point | 72.7°C (162.9°F) |
| Melting Point | −93°C (−135°F) |
| Density (20°C) | 0.934 g/cm³ |
| Vapor Pressure | 115 mmHg (20°C) |
| Flash Point | −8°C (18°F) – Highly flammable |
| Solubility | Slightly soluble in water (2.5 g/100 mL); miscible in organic solvents |
Production Methods
| Method | Process Description |
|---|---|
| Acetylene Process | Acetylene + Acetic Acid (Zn or Cd catalyst) |
| Ethylene Process | Ethylene + Acetic Acid + Oxygen (Pd-Au catalyst) – Most common |
| Bio-based Route | Fermentation of sugars (emerging technology) |
Applications
| Industry | Uses |
|---|---|
| Polymers | Polyvinyl acetate (PVA), ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) copolymers |
| Adhesives | Wood glue, paper coatings |
| Coatings | Paints, emulsions |
| Textiles | Binders for non-woven fabrics |
| Food Packaging | Barrier films (EVA layers) |
Safety & Regulatory Status
| Parameter | Details |
|---|---|
| OSHA PEL | 10 ppm (TWA) |
| Health Hazards | Irritant (eyes/skin); suspected carcinogen (IARC Group 2B) |
| Storage | Inhibited with hydroquinone; store under nitrogen (prevents polymerization) |
| Transport | Class 3 Flammable Liquid (UN1301) |
Comparison with Similar Monomers
| Monomer | VAM vs. Alternatives |
|---|---|
| Methyl Methacrylate (MMA) | Lower cost, less rigid polymers |
| Styrene | Better water resistance, less toxic |
| Vinyl Chloride | Non-chlorinated, less hazardous |
Environmental & Handling Data
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Biodegradability | Readily biodegradable (BOD₅: 60–80%) |
| LD50 (Oral, Rat) | 2.920 mg/kg |
| Atmospheric Lifetime | ~5 hours (reacts with OH radicals) |
Market Information
| Aspect | Details |
|---|---|
| Global Capacity | ~7 million tons/year |
| Price Range | $1.000–1.500/ton |
| Major Producers | Celanese, Dairen Chemical, Sinopec, LyondellBasell |
Key Advantages and Limitations
| Advantages | Limitations |
|---|---|
| Versatile monomer for adhesives/coatings | Highly flammable |
| Cost-effective production | Requires polymerization inhibitors |
| Bio-based routes emerging | Potential health risks |
Summary
Vinyl Acetate Monomer (VAM) is a critical chemical for producing polyvinyl acetate and EVA copolymers, widely used in adhesives, paints, and textiles. Despite its flammability and health concerns, its cost-effectiveness and versatility sustain high global demand. Innovations focus on bio-based production and safer handling protocols.
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