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Sodium acetylated hyaluronate

Specific CAS number information may not be as commonly publicized. Similar to other modified hyaluronic acid derivatives, it can vary based on factors like the degree of acetylation. Precise determination often requires in – depth research in chemical databases or knowledge of the exact manufacturing process.

Hyaluronic acid has a repeating unit formula of \((C_{14}H_{21}NO_{11})\) consisting of D – glucuronic acid and N – acetyl – D – glucosamine. When acetylated, acetyl groups (\(-COCH₃\)) are added. If we assume an average degree of acetylation of \(x\) per repeating unit, a simplified formula could be \([(C_{14 + a}H_{21 + b}NO_{11 + c})(COCH₃)_x]_m\), where \(a\), \(b\), and \(c\) are the changes in the number of atoms in the repeating unit due to acetylation reactions, and \(m\) is the number of repeating units in the hyaluronic acid chain. The actual formula depends on the position and extent of acetylation.

The linear hyaluronic acid backbone remains the foundation. Acetyl groups are attached to the hydroxyl groups on the sugar units of the hyaluronic acid chains. This acetylation can occur at different positions on the D – glucuronic acid or N – acetyl – D – glucosamine residues. The addition of acetyl groups can change the overall charge distribution and hydrophobicity of the molecule. Since the acetyl group is relatively small and non – polar compared to some other groups, it can subtly alter the intermolecular forces and interactions of the hyaluronic acid.

Typically appears as a white to off – white powder, similar to native sodium hyaluronate. The powder may have a fine or granular texture, which can be influenced by the manufacturing process, including drying and milling techniques.

Native sodium hyaluronate is highly soluble in water. The acetylation can affect solubility. If the degree of acetylation is low, it may still maintain good water solubility as the hydrophilic nature of the hyaluronic acid backbone dominates. However, as the degree of acetylation increases, the hydrophobic character introduced by the acetyl groups may start to reduce water solubility. It may show some solubility in polar organic solvents like lower – molecular – weight alcohols, especially if the acetylation has made the molecule more amphiphilic.

Biomedical Applications: Wound Healing: It can potentially enhance wound – healing processes. The acetylated hyaluronic acid may have different interactions with cells and proteins in the wound area compared to native hyaluronic acid. It could promote cell adhesion and migration, and also help in maintaining a moist wound environment, which is conducive to healing. Drug Delivery: Can be used as a drug – delivery carrier. The modified structure may allow for better encapsulation and controlled release of certain drugs. For example, if the drug has hydrophobic characteristics, the acetylated regions of the hyaluronic acid can interact with the drug, facilitating its delivery. Cosmetics: In cosmetics, it can function as a moisturizing and skin – conditioning agent. The acetylation may improve the stability of hyaluronic acid in cosmetic formulations, especially in the presence of other ingredients that could potentially degrade native hyaluronic acid. It may also provide a unique feel on the skin, such as a smoother and more luxurious texture.

Stable under normal storage conditions, typically at room temperature in a dry and dark place. However, like other hyaluronic acid derivatives, it can be sensitive to extreme pH values. At low pH, the acetyl groups may be subject to hydrolysis, especially in the presence of water. High temperatures can also accelerate degradation reactions. In formulations, appropriate pH – buffering agents and stabilizers may be added to enhance stability.

Generally considered safe for use in the concentrations typically used in biomedical and cosmetic applications. The hyaluronic acid component has a well – established biocompatibility profile. However, as with any chemical modification, there is a potential for individual sensitivity or allergic reactions. In industrial settings, proper handling procedures should be followed to avoid contact with eyes and skin, and adequate ventilation should be maintained when handling large quantities, especially if there is a risk of inhalation of dust (if in powder form).