Chemical Additives

Molecular Formula: C7H6O3

Molecular Weight: 138.1

CAS No.: 69-72-7

Names and Identifiers

Name	Salicylic acid
Synonyms	FEMA 3985 RETARDER TSA SALICYLIC ACID Salicylic acid SALICYCLIC ACID ACIDUM SALICYLICUM o-hydroxybenzoic acid 2-Hydroxybenzoic Acid 2-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID 2-hydroxy benzoic acid Medical Salicylic Acid Sublimed Salicylic Acid Medicinal Salicylic Acid ortho-hydroxybenzoic acid ACETYLSALISYLIC ACID IMP C ACETYLSALICYLIC ACID IMPURITY C
CAS	69-72-7
EINECS	200-712-3
InChI	InChI=1/C7H6O3/c8-6-4-2-1-3-5(6)7(9)10/h1-4,8H,(H,9,10)
InChIKey	YGSDEFSMJLZEOE-UHFFFAOYSA-N

69-72-7 – Physico-chemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C7H6O3
Molar Mass	138.12
Density	1.44
Melting Point	158-161°C(lit.)
Boling Point	211°C(lit.)
Flash Point	157 °C
JECFA Number	958
Water Solubility	1.8 g/L (20 ºC)
Solubility	Slightly soluble in water, easily soluble in ethanol and ether. 1 gram of this product can be dissolved in 460 ml of water, 15 ml of hot water, 2.7 ml of alcohol, 3 ml of acetone, 42 ml of chloroform, 3 ml of ether, 135 ml of benzene, 52 ml of turpentine
Vapor Presure	1 mm Hg ( 114 °C)
Vapor Density	4.8 (vs air)
Appearance	White needle crystal
Color	White to off-white
Maximum wavelength(λmax)	[‘210nm, 234nm, 303nm’]
Merck	14,8332
BRN	774890
pKa	2.98(at 25℃)
PH	3.21(1 mM solution);2.57(10 mM solution);2.02(100 mM solution);
Storage Condition	2-8°C
Stability	Stable. Substances to be avoided include oxidizing agents, strong bases, iodine, fluorine. Combustible. Sensitive to light.
Sensitive	Light Sensitive
Refractive Index	1,565
MDL	MFCD00002439
Physical and Chemical Properties	Character: White needle-like crystal or monoclinic prisms, with spicy taste. melting point 159 ℃ boiling point 211 ℃ relative density 1.443 solubility slightly soluble in water, soluble in acetone, turpentine, ethanol, ether, benzene and chloroform.
Use	The pharmaceutical industry is used to make antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, diuretic and other drugs, the dye industry is used to make azo direct dyes and acid mordant dyes, also used in spices and so on

69-72-7 – Risk and Safety

Risk Codes	R22 – Harmful if swallowed R41 – Risk of serious damage to eyes R36/37/38 – Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin. R36 – Irritating to the eyes R20/21/22 – Harmful by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R11 – Highly Flammable
Safety Description	S26 – In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice. S39 – Wear eye / face protection. S37/39 – Wear suitable gloves and eye/face protection S36 – Wear suitable protective clothing. S36/37 – Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. S16 – Keep away from sources of ignition.
UN IDs	UN 1648 3 / PGII
WGK Germany	1
RTECS	VO0525000
TSCA	Yes
HS Code	29182100
Toxicity	LD50 i.v. in mice: 500 mg/kg (Sota)

69-72-7 – Upstream Downstream Industry

Raw Materials	Phenol Carbon Dioxide Sulfuric acid Sodium hydroxide Sodium hydroxide
Downstream Products	5-Chlorosalicylic acid Methyl salicylate Isocarbophos Neutral Black BL Sodium salicylate 5-sulphosalicylic acid Aluminon

Reference Information

FEMA	3985 | 2-HYDROXYBENZOIC ACID
pH range of acid-base indicator discoloration	Non0 uorescence (2.5) to dark blue 0 uorescence (4.0)
sublimation point	70°C
Main applications	Semiconductors, nanoparticles, photoresists, lucerizing oils, UV absorb, adhesive, soaps, cosmetics, pain medation, analgesics, antibacterial agent, autoimmune disease
important raw materials for organic synthesis	salicylic acid is an important raw material for organic synthesis, widely used in medicine, pesticide, rubber, dye, food and fragrance industries. In the pharmaceutical industry, salicylic acid for the production of the main drugs are sodium salicylate, oil of wintergreen (methyl salicylate), aspirin (acetylsalicylic acid), salicylic acid amine, phenyl salicylate and so on. In the dye industry for the production of mordant yellow, direct yellow 3GN, direct yellow GR, direct Brown 3GN, acid mordant Brown G, acid mordant yellow GG, acid yellow and other dyes. In the production of pesticides, salicylic acid is used for the synthesis of isopropyl salicylate, an intermediate of The organophosphorus insecticides isocarbophos and methyliisophos, and 4-hydroxycoumarin, an intermediate of the rodenticide and rodenticide. In the rubber industry as scorch retarder and the production of ultraviolet absorber and foaming agent. Spices raw materials, preparation of methyl salicylate, Ethyl salicylate, etc.; Food preservatives, the use of its sodium salt, now some countries have been banned; Methyl salicylate can be used as a mouth cleaner, such as toothpaste spices. FIG. 1 shows the structural formula of salicylic acid. salicylic acid has the ability to kill bacteria, 2.5% alcohol solution (called salicylic acid) commonly used as the treatment of tinea Manus and tinea pedis external medicine, can also be formulated into ointment use. Sodium salicylate may be used as a food preservative or preservative, and may also be used in the formulation of toothpastes, mouthwashes, and the like. Salicylic acid has antipyretic and analgesic effects, can treat rheumatism. Its various esters are useful as pharmaceuticals and fragrances. Methyl salicylate has a pleasant fragrance of wintergreen and is used in the preparation of perfumes and soap essences. Methyl salicylate applied to the skin, can penetrate into the muscle and release salicylic acid and local pain, and thus can also be used for the treatment of pain, contusion, sprain and other external drugs. Isoamyl salicylate has a orchid-like aroma, and benzyl salicylate has a faint aroma, which can be used to prepare perfume or soap essence. Phenyl salicylate, commonly known as Salo, is hydrolyzed to phenol and salicylic acid in the intestine and is an effective intestinal preservative. Another drug related to salicylic acid is p-aminosalicylic acid (PAS for short, see “p-aminosalicylic acid”), whose sodium and calcium salts are used as anti-tuberculosis drugs for Acute exudative tuberculosis and mucosal tuberculosis, is a weak antibacterial agent, the role of only 2% of streptomycin, often combined with streptomycin, isoniazid, in order to enhance the efficacy. Acetylating it can make aspirin.
physical properties	white crystalline powder, odorless, with slightly bitter taste before turning into octensive. Found in nature in willow bark, white-bead leaves, and sweet birch. Chemical formula C6H4(OH)(COOH), melting point 157-159 ℃, in the light gradually color change. The relative density was 1.44. The boiling point is about 211 °c/2.67kPa. 76 degrees C sublimation. Under atmospheric pressure, it is rapidly decomposed into phenol and carbon dioxide by heating. Soluble in ethanol, ether, chloroform, benzene, acetone, turpentine, not soluble in water. 1g of salicylic acid can be dissolved in 460ml of water, 15ml of boiling water, 2.7ml of ethanol, 3ml of acetone, 3ml of ether, 42ml of chloroform, 135ml of benzene, 52ml of turpentine, about 60ml of glycerol and 80ml of petroleum ether, respectively. Adding sodium phosphate, borax etc. can increase the solubility of salicylic acid in water. The pH of the salicylic acid aqueous solution was 2.4. Salicylic acid with ferric chloride in water produces a special purple color.
pharmacological effects	salicylic acid is widely used, eczema, psoriasis, acne, dandruff may be used salicylic acid. Salicylic acid concentration in 3% ~ 6% can be used to exfoliate, more than 6% is destructive to the tissue. Below 40% concentration is suitable for the treatment of corns, thick cocoon, virus warts. Salicylic acid can also be added in the treatment of acne and anti dandruff drugs. Now a lot of well-known cosmetics add salicylic acid ingredients: 1993 CLINIQUE first launched containing 1% salicylic acid ingredients of the soft renewal of the water cream, immediately become one of the most successful CLINIQUE products; in SK-II, 1.5%, BHA was added to the original Pitera formula, and the effect of salicylic acid in treating pores and cutin was compared with the shell egg, which caused the market boom; open-shelf pathway of the popular product of the skin essence cream also contains 1.5% BHA ingredients. However, due to the high concentration of salicylic acid has a certain degree of harm, cosmetics containing salicylic acid concentration is generally limited between 0.2% ~ 1.5%, containing salicylic acid cosmetics must be added warning signs to determine the safety of long-term use, and not for children under 3 years of age.
cosmetic effect comparison with fruit acid	salicylic acid (BHA) is extracted from willow bark and Ilex leaves, also known as plant acid; acid (AHA) is extracted from sugar cane; It is an acid extracted from two different raw materials. Both can control oil, exfoliation, remove acne, narrow pores, light. The concentration of more than 50% of the acid can only be operated by a dermatologist, and salicylic acid, regardless of the concentration of the skin, are classified as medical treatment, it is worth noting that a small number of people are not suitable for the use of any concentration of salicylic acid, so the general beauty room can not be implemented, in the beauty room to implement the concentration of 40% or less of the fruit acid is allowed by law, in contrast, fruit acid is much safer than salicylic acid. As for the effect, salicylic acid is only locked in the superficial stratum corneum, but only plays a role of simple treatment and blocking, changing the skin is only temporary, and the acid enters the dermis to fundamentally change the skin, it can be cured, as for the formation of dermal damage, the role of salicylic acid is unable to do so, so salicylic acid can not be called “salicylic acid skin change”, can only be called “salicylic acid treatment”. The safety and effect of salicylic acid and acid are different, because the acid is not toxic, can be used from low to high (8%-15%-20%-30%-40%), slow adaptation is not burn the skin, disfigurement and any side effects. And salicylic acid is toxic, too high concentration is not suitable for use on the face, there is a certain concentration limit, the concentration of 3%-6% of salicylic acid can be used to exfoliate, more than 6% of the skin corrosive, 40% high concentration of salicylic acid with strong keratolytic properties.
precautions for use	for general skin care, a small number of users, should not have systemic side effects. However, for a large range (greater than 30% of the total body area) or long-term use of salicylic acid, special attention should be paid to the toxic effect of salicylic acid. Including tinnitus, dizziness, burnout, Nausea and electrolyte imbalance, should immediately stop using. Salicylic acid can cause contact dermatitis. After large-area use and absorption, salicylic acid can appear systemic poisoning symptoms, such as dizziness, confusion, shortness of breath, persistent tinnitus, severe or persistent Head Pain, tingling. With diabetes, peripheral vascular disease, or infants, the use of salicylic acid 25%-60% cream or ointment, salicylic acid 15%-50% cream, salicylic acid 17% gel, salicylic acid 13.6%-26% solution should be carefully considered, it may cause inflammation or ulcers, or even death; For dermatitis or skin infections, the use of salicylic acid 25%-60% cream or ointment, salicylic acid 40%-50% cream, also need to pay attention.
Use	salicylic acid, also known as O-Hydroxybenzoic acid (o-hydroxybenzoic acid), is an important raw material for organic synthesis. In the production of pesticides, for the synthesis of organophosphorus insecticides isocarbophos, isosoraphos methyl intermediate isopropyl salicylate and rodenticide rodenticide, rodenticides intermediate 4-hydroxycoumarin; In the pharmaceutical industry, salicylic acid in addition to its own use as Disinfection preservative, but also as acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin) and other drugs intermediates; It is also an important raw material for dyes, spices, rubber and other industries. It is mainly used as the raw material of aspirin drugs and the raw material of pesticide isocarbophos and other products, and can also be used in the dye industry, refined chemical reagents and so on The pharmaceutical industry is used to make antipyretic, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, diuresis and other drugs, dye industry for the production of azo direct dyes and acid mordant dyes, also used in spices and so on used as complexing indicator and preservative salicylic acid is a medicine, perfume, dye, rubber additives and other important raw materials of fine chemicals. In the pharmaceutical industry, salicylic acid itself is used as a Disinfection antiseptic, for local keratinosis and skin fungal infection. As a pharmaceutical intermediate, it is used for the production of zhitongling, urea, acetylsalicylic acid (aspirin), sodium salicylate, Salicylamide, glibenclamide, Niclosamide, phenyl salicylate, ethyl p-hydroxybenzoate, bismuth subsalicylate, sulfasalazine and other drugs. In the dye industry, it is used to produce dyes such as direct yellow GR, direct Tan BL, direct Tan RT, acid medium brown G, acid medium yellow GG, etc. Various esters of salicylic acid can be used as a perfume, for example, methyl salicylate can be used as an oral perfume for toothpaste and the like, and other flavoring and food spices and the like. In the rubber industry for the production of scorch retarder, UV absorber and foaming additives. Salicylic acid can also be used as a phenolic resin curing agent, a pulp preservative for textile printing and dyeing, a swelling agent (dye accelerator) for dyeing synthetic fibers, etc. aluminum, boron, cerium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, nickel, silver, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, hyposulfite, nitrate and nitrite were tested. Determination of aluminum, copper, iron, thorium, titanium and uranium. Standard for alkaline and iodometric titration. Fluorescent indicator. Complexation indicator. determination of aluminum, boron, cerium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, silver, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, sulfite, nitrate and nitrite. Precipitation of thorium allows the separation of thorium from cerium and other rare earth elements, and the separation of zirconium and titanium. Fluorescent indicator; Preservative; Complexation indicator. Anti-inflammatory inhibitors of epoxy synthase activity. Determination of aluminum, boron, cerium, copper, iron, lead, manganese, mercury, silver, titanium, tungsten, vanadium, sulfite, nitrate and nitrite. Precipitation of thorium allows the separation of thorium from cerium and other rare earth elements, separation of zirconium and titanium, fluorescent indicator, Preservatives, complexing indicators.
production method	phenol reacts with sodium hydroxide to form sodium phenolate. After dehydration by distillation, carboxylation reaction is carried out with carbon dioxide, sodium salicylate was prepared and then acidified with sulfuric acid to obtain crude product. The crude product is refined by sublimation to obtain the finished product. Raw material consumption quota: phenol (98%)704kg/t, caustic soda (95%)417kg/t, sulfuric acid (95%)500kg/t, carbon dioxide (99%)467kg/t. The preparation method is obtained by carboxylation of phenol sodium salt with carbon dioxide and acidification. With phenol and liquid caustic soda made of phenol sodium salt solution, vacuum drying, and then slowly at 100 deg C into the dry carbon dioxide, when the pressure reaches 0.7 ~ 0.8MPa, stop through carbon dioxide, the temperature was increased to 140-180 °c. After the completion of the reaction, add water, sodium salicylate solution After decolorization, filtration, and sulfuric acid acidification, namely precipitation of salicylic acid, after filtration, washing, drying to obtain the finished product.
spontaneous combustion temperature	500°C

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