Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients

Polymyxin B sulphate

CAS NO.:1405-20-5

Molecular formula:C56H98N16O13.H2SO4

Molecular weight:1301.56

Standard:USP,BP,EP

Packaging:125G/TIN;1KG/TIN

Polymyxin B sulphate is a significant antibiotic used in treating specific bacterial infections.

Aspect	Details
Source	Produced by Bacillus polymyxa
Chemical Class	Cyclic polypeptide antibiotic
Administration	Usually intravenous; can be topical in some cases
Distribution	Mainly in extracellular fluids; limited CNS penetration
Metabolism	Not extensively metabolized
Elimination	Primarily excreted in urine, with a ~6 – hour half – life

Action	Explanation
Membrane Interaction	Binds to lipopolysaccharides (LPS) in the outer membrane of Gram – negative bacteria, disrupting its integrity and increasing permeability
Cytoplasmic Membrane Disruption	Inserts into the cytoplasmic membrane, causing leakage of intracellular components like potassium ions, leading to cell death

Category	Details
Clinical Applications	Treats severe Gram – negative bacterial infections, especially those resistant to other antibiotics. Effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, etc. Commonly considered for hospital – acquired infections in intensive care units with multi – drug resistant Gram – negative bacteria
Adverse Effects	Nephrotoxicity (common, can cause acute kidney injury, especially with high doses or long – term use; renal function monitoring is crucial), Neurotoxicity (frequent, with manifestations like paresthesia, dizziness, and in severe cases, neuromuscular blockade affecting respiration), Allergic Reactions (range from mild rashes to severe anaphylaxis)

Polymyxin B sulphate is a valuable tool against Gram – negative bacteria, yet its use must be carefully weighed due to potential side effects.