PHENOL
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Category：Paint chemicals Own Brand：MT /MOQ:100KG /From China/ B2B only.
Introduction
Isopropylbenzene method is used to produce high purity phenol. It is a white crystal at room temperature with a freezing point of 40.7°C. It is soluble in ethanol, acetic acid, glycerol, chloroform, carbon disulfide and benzene. Its downstream applications include propylene diol (bisphenol A), phenolic resins, epoxy resins, caprolactam, cyclohexanone, alkyl phenols and so on.
| Category | Details |
|---|---|
| Chemical Class | Aromatic alcohol; weakly acidic (pKa ~10) |
| Key Applications | – Resins: Phenolic plastics (Bakelite) – Nylon Precursors: Caprolactam synthesis – Disinfectants: Hospital-grade sanitizers (e.g., Lysol) |
| Production | – Cumenol Process: Cumene peroxidation (85% global capacity) – Benzene Hydroxylation: Using H₂O₂ or N₂O (eco-friendly routes) |
| Physical Properties | – Melting Point: 40.5°C – Boiling Point: 181.7°C – Viscosity: 7.5mPa·s @ 25°C |
| Toxicity | – LD₅₀ Oral (rat): 330mg/kg – Inhalation Risk: Irritant to mucosa – Chronic Effects: Liver/kidney damage, neurotoxicity |
| Environmental | – Biodegradation: Aerobic conditions (half-life ~14 days) – Water Solubility: 83g/L @ 25°C – EC50: 1.2mg/L (fish, 96h) |
| Safety Measures | – PPE: Full-body suits, respirators – Spill Response: Absorbent materials, sodium hydroxide neutralization – Storage: Below 30°C in sealed containers |
| Regulatory | – EPA: Listed as hazardous substance – EU REACH: Authorization required for ≥1t/yr – WHO: Priority chemical for risk management |
| Alternatives | – Green Solvents: Cyrene (bio-based) – Deep Eutectic Systems: Choline chloride mixtures – Enzymatic Processes: For selective reactions |
Note: Versatile industrial chemical with strict handling protocols. Transition to sustainable production methods and safer substitutes is ongoing due to toxicity concerns.
Key Characteristics
Physical & Chemical Properties
| Property | Specification |
|---|---|
| Molecular Formula | C₆H₆O |
| Melting Point | 40.5°C |
| Boiling Point | 181.7°C |
| Solubility | 8.3 g/100 mL water (25°C) |
| pKa Value | 9.95 (weak acid) |
Comparison with Similar Compounds
| Compound | Structure | Key Difference |
|---|---|---|
| Phenol | C₆H₅OH | Aromatic, weakly acidic |
| Cyclohexanol | C₆H₁₁OH | Aliphatic, non-acidic |
| Cresol (o,m,p) | CH₃-C₆H₄OH | Methyl-substituted phenol |
Industrial Applications
Major Uses
| Industry | Application | Derivative Products |
|---|---|---|
| Plastics | Resin production | Bakelite, epoxy resins |
| Pharmaceuticals | Drug synthesis | Aspirin, antiseptics |
| Agriculture | Herbicide production | 2.4-D, 2.4.5-T |
| Cosmetics | Chemical peels | Skin exfoliants |
| Dyes | Intermediate | Azo dyes |
Safety & Handling
Toxicity: Corrosive (LD50 317 mg/kg rat oral)
Protection: Chemical gloves, goggles, ventilation
Storage: <30°C in stainless steel/aluminum containers
First Aid: Water flush (15 min skin/eye contact)
Production Methods
Cumene Process (90% global production)
Coal Tar Extraction
Toluene Oxidation
Conclusion
Phenol’s versatile chemistry maintains its status as a top industrial chemical. Future developments focus on greener production methods and novel high-value derivatives for specialty applications.
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