Other Chemicals

The chemical formula C₆H₅NO₂ represents nitrobenzene, an aromatic nitro compound. Nitrobenzene is a pale yellow oil that smells like almonds. It’s toxic and can cause cancer.

Properties

Melting point: 42.26 °F (5.7 °C)

Boiling point: 411.6 °F (210.9 °C)

Molar mass: 123.11 g/mol

Density: 1.2 g/cm³

Chemical properties

It has active chemical properties and can be reduced to diazonium salts, azobenzene, etc. It will burn and explode when exposed to open flames and high heat. It reacts violently with nitric acid. It is obtained by nitrating benzene with a mixture of nitric acid and sulfuric acid. It is used as an intermediate in organic synthesis and as a raw material for the production of aniline. Nitrobenzene must undergo electrophilic substitution reactions under relatively strong conditions to generate meta-products; it has a weak oxidizing effect and can be used as an oxidant for oxidative dehydrogenation. Nitrobenzene is often produced by reacting benzene with a mixed acid of nitric acid and sulfuric acid. It is mainly used to produce aniline, benzidine, azobenzene, etc. Nitrobenzene is highly toxic. Inhaling a large amount of vapor or contaminating the skin can cause acute poisoning, oxidizing or complexing hemoglobin, turning the blood into dark brown, and causing headaches, nausea, vomiting, etc.

Production and uses

Nitrobenzene is produced from benzene on a large scale.

It’s used to make aniline, which is then used to make dyes, drugs, pesticides, and synthetic rubber.

It’s also used to make lubricating oils.

Health effects Nitrobenzene is toxic by inhalation and skin absorption, It can cause cancer, It can cause male reproductive toxicity, and It can cause skin burns.

Molecular Formula	C6H5NO2
Molar Mass	123.11
Density	1.196 g/mL at 25 °C (lit.)
Melting Point	5-6 °C (lit.)
Boling Point	210-211 °C (lit.)
Flash Point	190°F
Water Solubility	slightly soluble
Solubility	1.90g/l
Vapor Presure	0.15 mm Hg ( 20 °C)
Vapor Density	4.2 (vs air)
Appearance	Liquid
Color	Clear yellow
Exposure Limit	TLV-TWA 1 ppm (～5 mg/m3) (ACGIH,MSHA, and OSHA); IDLH 200 ppm(NIOSH).
Merck	14,6588
BRN	507540
pKa	3.98(at 0℃)
PH	8.1 (1g/l, H2O, 20℃)
Storage Condition	Store below +30°C.
Stability	Stable. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents, strong reducing agents, strong bases. Flammable. Note wide explosion limits.
Explosive Limit	1.8-40%(V)
Refractive Index	n20/D 1.551(lit.)
Physical and Chemical Properties	The pure product is colorless to light yellow oily liquid. melting point 5.85 ℃ boiling point 210.9 ℃ relative density 1.2037 refractive index 1.55296 flash point 88 ℃ soluble in ethanol, ether and benzene, slightly soluble in water. The Pure product is a colorless to pale yellow oily liquid. Soluble in ethanol, ether and benzene, water-soluble.
Use	Nitrobenzene is an important organic intermediate thereof. Nitrobenzene was sulfonated with sulfur trioxide to obtain m-nitrobenzene sulfonic acid. It can be used as a dye intermediate, mild oxidant and anti-dye salt s. Nitrobenzene was sulfonated with chlorosulfonic acid to obtain m-nitrobenzenesulfonyl chloride, which was used as intermediate of dye, medicine and so on. Nitrobenzene is chlorinated to M-nitrochlorobenzene, which is widely used in the production of dyes and pesticides. After reduction, M-chloroaniline can be obtained. Used as a dye orange GC, is also a pharmaceutical, pesticide, fluorescent whitening agent, organic pigment intermediates. Nitrobenzene re-nitration can be m-dinitrobenzene, by reduction can be m-phenylenediamine, used as dye intermediates, epoxy resin curing agent, petroleum additives, Cement accelerator, M-dinitrobenzene such as sodium sulfide for part also principle to M-nitroaniline. For the dye orange base R, is an intermediate of azo dyes and organic pigments.

Application fields

Nitrobenzene is an important organic intermediate. Nitrobenzene is sulfonated with sulfur trioxide to obtain 3-nitrobenzene sulfonic acid. It can be used as a mild oxidant for dye intermediates and anti-dyeing salt S. Nitrobenzene is sulfonated with chlorosulfonic acid to obtain m-nitrobenzene sulfonyl chloride, which is used as an intermediate for dyes, medicines, etc. Nitrobenzene is chlorinated to obtain 3-nitrochlorobenzene, which is widely used in the production of dyes and pesticides. After reduction, m-chloroaniline can be obtained. It is used as the orange base GC of dyes and is also an intermediate for medicines, pesticides, fluorescent brighteners, organic pigments, etc. Nitrobenzene can be re-nitrated to obtain m-dinitrobenzene, which can be reduced to obtain m-phenylenediamine, which is used as a dye intermediate, epoxy resin curing agent, petroleum additive, cement accelerator, and m-dinitrobenzene can be partially reduced with sodium sulfide to obtain m-nitroaniline. It is the orange base R of dyes and is an intermediate for azo dyes and organic pigments.

Safety precautions

When handling nitrobenzene, you should use personal protective equipment, such as gas detection tubes and portable gas detectors.

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