Agrochemicals

Malononitrile (CAS No. 109-77-3) 

1. Basic Information

• Chemical Name: Malononitrile
• Synonyms: Propanedinitrile; Dicyanomethane; Malonic dinitrile
• CAS Number: 109-77-3
• Molecular Formula: C₃H₂N₂
• Molecular Weight: 66.06 g/mol
• Appearance: White crystalline solid
• Odor: Odorless or faint aromatic odor

2. Physical and Chemical Properties

• Melting Point: 32–34 °C (90–93 °F)
• Boiling Point: 220 °C (428 °F) (decomposes)
• Density: 1.19 g/cm³ (at 20 °C)
• Solubility:
  • Water: 133 g/L (20 °C)
  • Organic solvents: Soluble in ethanol, acetone, ether; slightly soluble in benzene
• Vapor Pressure: 0.1 mmHg at 20 °C
• Flash Point: 112 °C (234 °F) (closed cup)
• pKa: ~11 (weakly acidic)

3. Chemical Structure

     N≡C  
      |  
    CH₂  
      |  
     C≡N

4. Hazards (GHS Classification)

• Acute Toxicity: Fatal if swallowed, inhaled, or in contact with skin (H300, H310, H330)
• Skin/Eye Irritation: Causes severe burns (H314)
• Sensitization: May cause allergic skin reaction (H317)
• Environmental Hazards: Toxic to aquatic life (H400)
• NFPA Rating: Health 3, Flammability 1, Reactivity 1

5. Storage and Handling

• Storage: Store in a cool, dry, well-ventilated area away from oxidizers and acids. Keep container tightly sealed.
• Handling: Use PPE (nitrile gloves, goggles, respirator) and work under a fume hood. Avoid dust formation.

6. Applications

• Pharmaceuticals: Intermediate for vitamins (e.g., B₁), antihypertensive drugs.
• Agrochemicals: Synthesis of pesticides and herbicides.
• Organic Synthesis: Precursor for heterocyclic compounds (e.g., pyrimidines).

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