Chemical Additives

Molecular Formula: C12H11ClN2O5S

Molecular Weight: 330.7

CAS No.: 54-31-9

 Names and Identifiers

Name	Furosemide
Synonyms	Frusemide FRUSEMIDE FUROSEMID FUROSEMIDE Furosemide LABOTEST-BB LT00244801 4-CHLORO-N-FURFURYL-5-SULFAMOYLANTHRANILIC ACID 4-chloro-n-furfuryl-5-sulfamoylanthranilic acid 2-furfurylamino-4-chloro-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid 2-furfurylamino-4-chloro-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid 5-(aminosulfonyl)-4-chloro-2-((2-furanylmethyl)amino)benzoic acid 5-[AMINOSULFONYL]-4-CHLORO-2-[(2-FURANYLMETHYL)AMINO]BENZOIC ACID 5-(AMINOSULPHONYL)-4-CHLORO-2-[(2-FURANYLMETHYL)AMINO]BENZOIC ACID
CAS	54-31-9
EINECS	200-203-6
InChI	InChI=1/C12H11ClN2O5S/c13-9-5-10(15-6-7-2-1-3-20-7)8(12(16)17)4-11(9)21(14,18)19/h1-5,15H,6H2,(H,16,17)(H2,14,18,19)
InChIKey	ZZUFCTLCJUWOSV-UHFFFAOYSA-N

54-31-9 – Physico-chemical Properties

Molecular Formula	C12H11ClN2O5S
Molar Mass	330.74
Density	1.606
Melting Point	220 °C (dec.) (lit.)
Boling Point	582.1±60.0 °C(Predicted)
Flash Point	11°C
Water Solubility	Soluble in acetone, DMF or methanol. Slightly soluble in water
Solubility	Practically insoluble in water, soluble in acetone, sparingly soluble in ethanol (96 per cent), practically insoluble in methylene chloride. It dissolves in dilute solutions of alkali hydroxides.
Appearance	powder
Color	White to Off-White
Merck	14,4309
pKa	pKa 3.8 (Uncertain)
Storage Condition	2-8°C
Stability	Stable, but light sensitive, air sensitive and hygroscopic. Incompatible with strong oxidizing agents.
Refractive Index	1.6580 (estimate)
Physical and Chemical Properties	Density 1.606 melting point 220°C
Use	Used as a diuretic

54-31-9 – Risk and Safety

Risk Codes	R61 – May cause harm to the unborn child R39/23/24/25 – R23/24/25 – Toxic by inhalation, in contact with skin and if swallowed. R11 – Highly Flammable R36/37/38 – Irritating to eyes, respiratory system and skin.
Safety Description	S7 – Keep container tightly closed. S16 – Keep away from sources of ignition. S36/37 – Wear suitable protective clothing and gloves. S45 – In case of accident or if you feel unwell, seek medical advice immediately (show the label whenever possible.) S53 – Avoid exposure – obtain special instructions before use. S36/37/39 – Wear suitable protective clothing, gloves and eye/face protection. S22 – Do not breathe dust. S36 – Wear suitable protective clothing. S26 – In case of contact with eyes, rinse immediately with plenty of water and seek medical advice.
UN IDs	UN 1230 3/PG 2
WGK Germany	3
RTECS	CB2625000
HS Code	2935904000
Toxicity	LD50 orally in female, male rats: 2600, 2820 mg/kg (Goldenthal)

Reference Information

(IARC) carcinogen classification	3 (Vol. 50) 1990
Introduction	furosemide is a diuretic, also known as furosemide, developed in 1963 by the former sidehst, clinically used for the treatment of cardiac edema, renal edema, liver cirrhosis ascites, dysfunction or vascular disorders caused by peripheral edema, and can promote the upper urethral calculi discharge. Its diuretic effect is rapid and strong, and it is often used in severe cases where other diuretics are ineffective.
high-efficiency diuretics	furosemide, also known as furanilianic acid, furosemide, furosemide, diuretics, is a role in the ascending branch of the medullary branch of the sulfamide class of highly efficient diuretics, has a strong and short diuretic effect, can increase water, sodium, chlorine, potassium, calcium, magnesium, excretion of phosphate, etc. Clinically used for the treatment of cardiac edema, renal edema, cirrhosis ascites, dysfunction or vascular disorders caused by peripheral edema, and can promote the upper urinary tract calculi excretion. Intravenous administration can treat cerebral edema, and can also accelerate the excretion of toxic substances in the case of cerebral edema. It should be noted that furosemide diuresis, due to the increase in urine Cl-, Na, K, H excretion, the excretion of HCO3-does not increase, long-term repeated use or a large number of drugs can cause low salt syndrome, low chlorine and low potassium base poisoning. In recent years, researchers have found that furosemide aerosol inhalation has obvious Antiasthmatic effect, which is the same as sodium cromoglycate, inhibits the release of allergic mediators, inhibits the release of neurotransmitter acetylcholine and substance P, it may be related to its ability to inhibit the entry of chloride ions into the cell membrane of the respiratory tract. Clinical trials in exercise-induced asthma, antigen-induced immediate and late-onset asthma.
mechanism of action	furosemide mainly inhibits the reabsorption of Na and Cl-in the medulla and cortex of the thick ascending branch of the loop, promoting sodium, chloride, the excretion of potassium and affects the formation of hyperosmolality in the renal medulla, interferes with the process of concentration and dilution of urine, increases the volume of urine. This product can inhibit the activity of prostaglandin decomposition enzyme, increase the content of prostaglandin E2, has the effect of expanding blood vessels, has the effect of proximal convoluted tubules and glomerular filtration, and can increase renal blood flow, adjust the blood flow distribution in the kidney, reduce the blood flow of the medulla, increase the blood flow of the surface cortex, promote diuresis, the effect is rapid and strong, and it is used for other cases of ineffective diuretic drugs.
pharmacokinetics	The oral absorption rate of furosemide is 60% ~ 70%, but it does not affect the absorption rate and its curative effect. The oral absorption rate of patients with end-stage renal disease is reduced to 43% ~ 46%. Congestive heart failure and nephrotic syndrome and other edema diseases, due to intestinal wall edema, oral absorption rate also decreased, so in the above situation should be parenteral route of administration. Mainly distributed in the extracellular fluid, the volume of distribution of the average body weight of 11.4%, plasma protein binding rate of 91% ~ 97%, almost all with albumin binding. The drug can pass through the placental barrier and can be secreted into the milk. The onset time of action after oral and intravenous administration was 30-60 minutes and 5 minutes, respectively, and the peak time was 1-2 hours and 0.33-1 hours. The duration of action was 6-8 hours and 2 hours, respectively. There is a large individual difference in T1/2b, the normal person is 30~60 minutes, anuria patients extended to 75~155 minutes, liver and kidney function at the same time severe damage extended to 11~20 hours. Due to the poor liver and kidney clearance ability, T1/2b was prolonged to 4~8 hours. 88% to the original form of renal excretion, 12% by the liver metabolism by bile excretion. Impaired renal function increased metabolism by the liver. The drug was not cleared by dialysis.
indications	(1) edema diseases including congestive heart failure, liver cirrhosis, kidney disease (nephritis, kidney disease and various causes of acute and chronic renal failure), especially when the effect of other diuretics is not good, the application of this class of drugs may still be effective. Combined with other drugs in the treatment of acute pulmonary edema and acute cerebral edema. (2) hypertension is generally not the first choice for the treatment of essential hypertension, but when the efficacy of thiazide drugs is poor, especially when accompanied by renal insufficiency or hypertensive crisis, this class of drugs is particularly suitable. (3) prevention of acute renal failure for a variety of reasons lead to insufficient renal blood perfusion, such as water loss, Shock, poisoning, anesthesia accident and circulatory insufficiency, in the correction of hypovolemia and timely application, can reduce the chance of acute tubular necrosis. (4) hyperkalemia and hypercalcemia. (5) Diluted hyponatremia, especially when the serum sodium concentration is lower than 120mmol/L. (6) SIADH. (7) Acute drug poisoning such as barbiturate poisoning.
side effects	during the use of furosemide, there may be Nausea, Diarrhea, drug eruption, pruritus, blurred vision and other adverse reactions, sometimes can occur dizziness, Fatigue, fatigue, muscle cramps, thirst, a small number of patients with leukopenia, individual patients with thrombocytopenia, erythema multiforme, orthostatic hypotension, long-term use can cause gastric and duodenal ulcers.
Use	The drug has a strong and short diuretic effect, and is a potent diuretic for the treatment of heart, liver, edema caused by diseases such as kidney, especially the case of no effect on the basal diuretic drugs; Can be used for the treatment of acute pulmonary edema, cerebral edema, acute renal failure and hypertension and other diseases; With the rehydration of the product can promote the toxic non-discharge. The oral LD50 of rats was 2600-2820mg/kg. use as diuretic
production method	2, 4-dichlorobenzoic acid (see 12740) is obtained by chlorosulfonation, ammonification and acidification, 4-dichloro-5-sulfamoylbenzoic acid. Furosemide is then prepared by condensation with furfurylamine.
category	toxic substances
toxicity grade	poisoning
Acute toxicity	oral-rat LD50: 2600 mg/kg; Oral-mouse LD50: 2200 mg/kg
flammability hazard characteristics	flammable; Decomposition of toxic nitrogen oxides in fire; sulfur oxide and chloride fumes
storage and transportation characteristics	warehouse low temperature, ventilation, dry
extinguishing agent	water, carbon dioxide, dry powder, sand

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