Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients

Florfenicol is an antibiotic with broad spectrum of antibiotics, easy to absorb, no potential risk of aplastic anemia, and good safety. It is the preferred drug for the prevention and treatment of bacterial infections in the respiratory and digestive tracts of livestock and poultry.

Molecular Formula:C12H14Cl2FNO4S

Molecular Weight:358.21

CAS No.: 73231-34-2

Description

Florfenicol is a white or almost white crystalline powder. It is very soluble in dimethylformamide, soluble in methanol, sparingly soluble in glacial acetic acid, very slightly soluble in water or in chloroform.

Application

Florfenicol is a commonly used veterinary antibiotic with wide antibacterial spectrum, strong antibacterial effect and low minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). Its antibacterial effect is 15-20 times higher than that of chloramphenicol and Thiamphenicol. The drug concentration in the tissue can reach the peak value 60 minutes after feed administration, which can quickly control the disease. It has the characteristics of high safety, non-toxic and no residue, and has no potential risk of aplastic anemia, It is safe and suitable for large-scale farms. It is mainly used for the treatment of bovine respiratory diseases caused by Pasteurella and Haemophilus. It has good curative effect on foot rot of cattle caused by Fusobacterium. It can also be used for infectious diseases of pigs and chickens caused by sensitive bacteria and bacterial diseases of fish.

Florfenicol is moderate in price and easy to be accepted by users. Because of these characteristics, florfenicol has been widely used, and has become the first choice for the prevention and treatment of respiratory and digestive tract bacterial infections in livestock and poultry.

Florfenicol should not be combined with quinolones, penicillins and cephalosporins, and should not be compatible with ampicillin, sulfonamides and furans.

Packing

25kg/bag or as customer’s requirements.

Storage

Store in airtight, tamper- proof container.

Minimum Order

One package

Florfenicol Introduction

Item	Details
Basic Information	Florfenicol, with the CAS number 73231 – 34 – 2. is a broad – spectrum antibiotic. Its chemical formula is C₁₂H₁₄Cl₂FNO₄S. It is a white to off – white, crystalline powder. It has relatively poor solubility in water but better solubility in organic solvents such as dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and propylene glycol. This solubility characteristic affects its pharmaceutical formulation, often requiring special techniques like micro – encapsulation or the use of solubilizing agents to ensure proper delivery in medications.
Pharmacological Action	Florfenicol acts by binding to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome. It inhibits the peptidyl transferase activity, which is essential for the formation of peptide bonds during protein synthesis. By blocking this step, it prevents the elongation of the polypeptide chain, ultimately inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis. It has a broad – spectrum antibacterial activity. Against Gram – positive bacteria, it is effective against Staphylococcus aureus (including some methicillin – resistant strains), Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Streptococcus pyogenes. Against Gram – negative bacteria, it shows activity against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella species, and Pasteurella multocida. It also has activity against some anaerobic bacteria.
Clinical Applications	1. Veterinary Medicine: – In veterinary practice, it is widely used. It is used to treat respiratory tract infections in livestock and poultry. For example, in pigs, it can be used to treat porcine enzootic pneumonia caused by Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae. In poultry, it is effective against respiratory infections caused by organisms like Pasteurella multocida and Escherichia coli. – It is also used to treat gastrointestinal infections in animals. In cattle, it can be used to treat diarrhea caused by Salmonella species. 2. Limited Human Use (Investigational in Some Regions): – In some regions, it is being investigated for use in humans, especially for the treatment of infections caused by multidrug – resistant bacteria. However, its use in humans is still in the experimental stage in many places due to concerns about potential side effects and the need for more comprehensive safety and efficacy studies.
Adverse Reactions	1. Hematological Effects: Similar to its related compound thiamphenicol, there are concerns about potential hematological effects. Although less common than with thiamphenicol, it may cause reversible bone marrow suppression in some cases. This can lead to a decrease in red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets. 2. Gastrointestinal Effects: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, abdominal pain, and anorexia are common side effects, especially when used in animals. These symptoms are due to the drug’s effect on the normal gut flora and direct irritation of the gastrointestinal mucosa. 3. Allergic Reactions: Allergic reactions can occur, ranging from mild rashes, itching, and hives to severe anaphylactic shock. Animals or patients with a history of allergic reactions to florfenicol or related compounds are at a higher risk. 4. Neurological Effects: In some cases, it can cause headache, dizziness, and in rare cases, more severe neurological symptoms such as peripheral neuropathy.
Drug Interactions	1. With Oral Anticoagulants: Florfenicol may enhance the anticoagulant effect of oral anticoagulants like warfarin. It may interfere with the normal gut flora that produces vitamin K, which is necessary for the synthesis of clotting factors. Patients or animals taking both drugs need to have their prothrombin time or international normalized ratio (INR) monitored closely. 2. With Oral Hypoglycemic Agents: Concurrent use with oral hypoglycemic agents may increase the risk of hypoglycemia. Florfenicol may enhance the effect of these agents, leading to low blood sugar levels. Close monitoring of blood sugar levels is required. 3. With Other Nephrotoxic Drugs: Concurrent use with other nephrotoxic drugs, such as aminoglycosides or non – steroidal anti – inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), can increase the risk of nephrotoxicity.
Special Population Considerations	1. Pregnant and Lactating Animals: The use of florfenicol in pregnant and lactating animals should be carefully considered. Although the exact risk to the fetus or nursing offspring is not fully understood, the potential for hematological and other adverse effects may pose a risk. In some cases, alternative antibiotics may be preferred. 2. Young and Elderly Animals: Young animals may be more sensitive to the adverse effects of florfenicol due to their immature organ function. Elderly animals may also be at a higher risk, especially for hematological and gastrointestinal effects, as their physiological function may be declining. 3. Animals with Renal or Hepatic Impairment: In animals with significant renal or hepatic impairment, the metabolism and clearance of florfenicol may be affected. Dosage adjustment may be necessary, and close monitoring of serum drug levels and organ function is recommended.

 

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