Clarithromycin CAS 81103-11-9
Category：Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
Introduction
Molecular Formula： C38H69NO13
Molecular Weight： 747.95
CAS No.: 81103-11-9
Clarithromycin, a derivative of erythromycin, is a macrolide antibiotic used in the treatment of upper and lower respiratory tract infections, subcutaneous soft tissue infections, etc.
Description
It is a white or almost white, crystalline powder. It is practically insoluble in water, soluble in acetone and in methylene chloride, slightly soluble in methanol.
Application
It is a derivative of erythromycin, a macrolide antibiotic, mainly used for diseases caused by bacterial infections, including lower respiratory tract infections, such as bronchitis and pneumonia; used for upper respiratory tract infections, such as pharyngitis And sinusitis; it can also be used for skin and soft tissue infections, such as folliculitis, cellulitis, erysipelas, etc. It can also be used for local infection, diffuse infection and mixed infection. Clarithromycin can be combined with other drugs to eradicate Helicobacter pylori infection. It can also be used for dental infections, so clarithromycin is an antibiotic with a broad antibacterial spectrum.
1. It can be used to treat pharyngitis and tonsillitis caused by Streptococcus pyogenes.
2. It can be used to treat acute otitis media, sinusitis, acute bronchitis, acute attack of chronic bronchitis and pneumonia caused by sensitive bacteria.
3. It can be used to treat skin and soft tissue infections caused by sensitive bacteria.
4. It can be used to treat Mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia, urethritis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis and non-specific urethritis (cervicitis).
5. It can be used to treat Legionnaires’ disease (legionella infection).
6. Clarithromycin can also be used in combination with other drugs to treat Mycobacterium avium infection and Helicobacter pylori infection.
Packing
25kg/bag or as per customer’s requirements.
Storage
Preserve in tight containers.
Minimum Order
One package
Clarithromycin: A Veterinary Antibiotic
Clarithromycin is an important antibiotic in veterinary medicine, utilized for treating specific bacterial infections in animals.
1. General Characteristics
| Aspect | Details |
| Classification | Macrolide antibiotic, closely related to erythromycin. It is a semi – synthetic derivative with enhanced properties. |
| Source | Synthesized from erythromycin through chemical modifications. These modifications improve its stability, solubility, and antibacterial activity in veterinary applications. |
| Formulation | Available as powders, which can be formulated into tablets, capsules, and oral suspensions for oral administration to animals. In some cases, it may be used in topical formulations for treating skin infections, although oral use is more common. |
| Solubility | Moderately soluble in water. Special formulation techniques are often used to optimize its solubility and bioavailability in different routes of administration. |
2. Mechanism of Action
| Action | Explanation |
| Inhibition of Protein Synthesis | Clarithromycin binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit of bacteria. It specifically blocks the exit tunnel of the growing polypeptide chain, preventing the elongation of the polypeptide. By inhibiting the movement of the ribosome along the mRNA, it effectively stops the addition of new amino acids to the growing protein chain. This leads to the inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis and subsequent growth arrest. |
| Selective Activity | It has a mainly Gram – positive antibacterial spectrum. It is highly effective against bacteria such as Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., and Corynebacterium spp. It also shows activity against certain Gram – negative bacteria, mycoplasmas, and some intracellular pathogens. The unique binding site on the ribosome of these organisms allows clarithromycin to exert its antibacterial effect. |
3. Clinical Applications and Considerations
| Category | Details |
| Applications | – Treating respiratory tract infections in livestock and poultry. In poultry, it can be used against Mycoplasma gallisepticum and Staphylococcus aureus infections. In cattle, it helps combat respiratory diseases caused by Streptococcus spp. – Used to manage skin and soft – tissue infections in animals. Topical applications are effective against infections caused by Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. – Treating infections in companion animals, such as dogs and cats. For example, it can be used to treat dental infections where many oral pathogens are sensitive to clarithromycin. – In some cases, used to treat infections in exotic animals, as it can target a wide range of bacteria relevant to their health. |
| Considerations | – Overuse can contribute to the development of antibiotic – resistant bacteria. Adhering to proper dosage and treatment duration as prescribed by veterinarians is crucial. – High doses or long – term use may cause gastrointestinal upset in animals, including diarrhea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. It may also disrupt the normal gut microbiota. – Caution is needed when using it in combination with other drugs. There may be potential drug – drug interactions, especially with other antibiotics that target protein synthesis, as they may compete for binding sites on the ribosome. Additionally, it can interact with some drugs metabolized by the cytochrome P450 system in animals, leading to altered drug levels. |
Clarithromycin plays a significant role in maintaining the health and productivity of livestock, poultry, and companion animals by effectively treating bacterial infections.
