Organic Chemicals

Citric acid monohydrate Use

1. Bioremediation: This involves using living organisms to remove pollutants from the environment. This can be done on land, in water, and even underground.

2. Phytoremediation: This involves using plants to absorb and break down pollutants in the environment.

3. Chemical Oxidation: This involves using chemical reactions to break down pollutants.

4. Adsorption: This involves using chemicals to bind pollutants to a surface, such as activated carbon, and removing them from the solution.

5. Catalytic Degradation: This involves using catalysts to break down pollutants.

6. Flocculation: This is a process that causes pollutants to clump together so they can be more easily removed from the environment.

7. Neutralization: This involves using chemicals to neutralize pollutants and make them less harmful.

Chemical products are used in many other industries, such as the automotive, manufacturing. They are used for a variety of purposes, including providing raw materials for production, enhancing existing products, and creating new products.

Common chemical products used in other industries include solvents, surfactants, detergents, catalysts, adhesives, paints, coatings, and resins.

Chemical products used in the cosmetic industry include preservatives, emollients, surfactants, emulsifiers, antioxidants, humectants, fragrances, colorants, and solvents.

Preservatives are used to prevent the growth of bacteria, fungi, and other microorganisms in cosmetic products.

Emollients are used to soften and soothe the skin. Surfactants are used to reduce the surface tension of liquids, allowing them to spread more evenly over the skin.

Emulsifiers are used to combine oil and water, which helps create a stable emulsion. Antioxidants help protect against environmental damage and can also help to extend the shelf life of a product. Humectants act as a moisturizer, helping to keep the skin hydrated.

Fragrances are used to add scent to products and colorants are used to give products their color.

Finally, solvents are used to dissolve other ingredients and can help to adjust the viscosity of a product.

Property	Details
Name	Citric acid monohydrate
CAS No.	5949-29-1
Molecular Formula	C₆H₁₀O₈
Molecular Weight	210.14 g/mol
Appearance	Colorless crystals or white crystalline powder
Odor	Odorless
Solubility	Very soluble in water (1630 g/L at 20°C), freely soluble in ethanol
Melting Point	-94°C to 153°C (depending on the source)
Boiling Point	56°C
Density	0.791 g/mL to 1.54 g/mL (varies with temperature and form)
pH	1.85 (50 g/L in water at 25°C)
pKa Values	3.14. 4.76. 6.40
Stability	Stable under normal conditions but incompatible with oxidizing agents, bases, reducing agents, and nitrates
Primary Uses	Food and beverage industry (acidulant, flavoring, preservative)
	Chemical, cosmetic, and detergent industries (antioxidant, plasticizer, detergent)
Safety Information
– Hazard Statements	Causes skin irritation, serious eye damage. May be harmful if swallowed.
– Precautionary Statements	Avoid contact with eyes, skin, and clothing. Wear protective gloves and eye/face protection.
– Toxicity	LD50 (oral, rabbit): 3000 mg/kg

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