Chloroacetyl chloride
Chemical Additives 2025-03-19
Chloroacetyl Chloride
Chemical Formula: C₂H₂Cl₂O
Structure: Highly reactive acyl chloride and alkylating agent with:
- A chlorine atom (-Cl) on the carbonyl carbon (-COCl).
- A chlorine atom (-Cl) on the methylene carbon (-CH₂Cl).
Physical Properties
- Appearance: Clear, colorless to pale yellow liquid.
- Odor: Pungent, irritating.
- Reactivity:
- Moisture-sensitive: Reacts violently with water, releasing HCl gas.
- Participates in acylation and alkylation reactions.
Applications
- Organic Synthesis:
- Introduces chloroacetyl groups for synthesizing pharmaceuticals, agrochemicals, and dyes.
- Herbicide Production:
- Precursor for chloroacetamide derivatives (e.g., herbicides).
- Biomolecule & Polymer Modification:
- Functionalizes peptides and polymers.
Safety Considerations ⚠️
- Health Hazards:
- Corrosive: Causes severe burns to skin, eyes, and respiratory tract.
- Toxic: Inhalation or contact may lead to systemic toxicity.
- Handling:
- Use PPE (gloves, goggles, respirator) and work in a fume hood.
- Storage:
- Store in a cool, dry, airtight container away from moisture and incompatible substances (e.g., bases, alcohols).
Summary:
Chloroacetyl chloride’s dual reactivity as an acyl chloride and alkylating agent makes it indispensable in chemical synthesis and herbicide production. Its corrosive nature and moisture sensitivity demand stringent safety measures during handling and storage.
