Ampicillin Trihydrate CAS 7177-48-2
Category：Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
Introduction
Molecular Formula： C16H19N3O4S,3H2O
Molecular Weight： 403.5
CAS No.: 7177-48-2
Ampicillin Trihydrate CAS 7717-48-2 is a β-lactam antibiotic that can treat a variety of bacterial infections and is one of the essential drugs in the basic public health system.
Description
Ampicillin trihydrate is white or almost white, crystalline powder. It is slightly soluble in water, practically insoluble in ethanol (96 per cent) and in fatty oils. It dissolves in dilute solutions of acids and of alkali hydroxides.
Application
Penicillin antibiotics, used in the treatment of sensitive enterococci, dysentery bacilli, typhoid bacilli, Escherichia coli, Listeria, Aerobacteria, Influenza bacilli and Proteus mirabilis, etc.
Packing
25kg/bag or as per customer’s requirements.
Storage
Preserve in an airtight container.
Minimum Order
One package
Ampicillin Trihydrate: A Veterinary Antibiotic
Ampicillin Trihydrate is a widely used antibiotic in veterinary medicine, employed for treating a variety of bacterial infections in animals.
1. General Characteristics
| Aspect | Details |
| Classification | Beta – lactam antibiotic, belonging to the penicillin family. The trihydrate form contains three molecules of water of crystallization, which can affect its physical and chemical properties. |
| Source | Synthesized semi – synthetically. It is derived from 6 – aminopenicillanic acid, with specific chemical modifications to enhance its antibacterial spectrum and properties. |
| Formulation | Available as powders, which can be formulated into tablets, capsules, and oral suspensions for oral administration to animals. Injectable solutions are also available for parenteral use. In some cases, it may be used in topical formulations for treating skin and soft – tissue infections. |
| Solubility | Soluble in water to a certain extent. The presence of water molecules in the trihydrate form can influence its solubility and stability in different formulations. However, its solubility characteristics may require specific formulation techniques to optimize bioavailability in animals. |
2. Mechanism of Action
| Action | Explanation |
| Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis | Ampicillin Trihydrate, like other penicillins, acts by inhibiting the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. It binds to and inactivates penicillin – binding proteins (PBPs) in bacteria. These proteins are responsible for the cross – linking of peptidoglycan chains, which is a crucial step in the formation of the rigid bacterial cell wall. By blocking this cross – linking process, the cell wall becomes weakened. As the bacteria grow and divide, the weakened cell wall cannot withstand the internal osmotic pressure, leading to cell lysis and death. |
| Selective Activity | It has a broad – spectrum antibacterial effect compared to some other penicillins. It targets both Gram – positive and Gram – negative bacteria. Against Gram – positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., and Clostridium spp., it is highly effective. Among Gram – negative bacteria, it is active against Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Haemophilus influenzae, although resistance has become more prevalent in some of these organisms over time. |
3. Clinical Applications and Considerations
| Category | Details |
| Applications | – Treating respiratory tract infections in livestock and poultry. In poultry, it can be used against Escherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida, and some streptococcal infections. In cattle, it helps combat respiratory diseases caused by Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida. – Managing gastrointestinal infections in animals. It is effective against Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli that cause diarrhea and intestinal disorders. – Treating urinary tract infections in dogs and cats. It can target Escherichia coli, a common cause of urinary tract infections in these animals. – Treating skin and soft – tissue infections in animals, often caused by Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. |
| Considerations | – Overuse can lead to the development of antibiotic – resistant bacteria. Adhering to proper dosage and treatment duration as prescribed by veterinarians is crucial. – Allergic reactions can occur in some animals, similar to human allergic reactions to penicillin. Symptoms may include rash, itching, swelling, and in severe cases, anaphylaxis. Monitoring for allergic reactions after administration is important. – High doses or long – term use may cause gastrointestinal upset in animals, including diarrhea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. It may also disrupt the normal gut microbiota. – Caution is required when using it in combination with other drugs. There may be potential drug – drug interactions, especially with other antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis or drugs that affect the immune system. |
Ampicillin Trihydrate plays a vital role in maintaining the health and productivity of livestock, poultry, and companion animals by effectively treating a wide range of bacterial infections.
