Amoxicillin Trihydrate CAS 61336-70-7
Category：Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
Introduction
Molecular Formula：C16H19N3O5S,3H2O
Molecular Weight： 419.4
CAS No.: 61336-70-7
Amoxicillin Trihydrate CAS 61336-70-7 is a medium-spectrum β-lactam antibiotic, a semi-synthetic broad-spectrum penicillin, and its antibacterial spectrum, function and application are the same as ampicillin.
Description
Amoxicillin trihydrate is semi-synthetic product derived from a fermentation product. It is a white or almost white, crystalline powder. It is slightly soluble in water, very slightly soluble in ethanol (96 per cent), practically insoluble in fatty oils. It dissolves in dilute acids and dilute solutions of alkali hydroxides.
Application
Amoxicillin trihydrate is mainly used for the infection of urinary system, respiratory system, biliary tract and intestinal, meningitis, and endocarditis caused by sensitive bacteria.
Packing
25kg/bag or as per customer’s requirements.
Storage
Preserve in tight containers, and store at controlled room temperature.
Minimum Order
One package
Amoxicillin Trihydrate: A Veterinary Antibiotic
Amoxicillin Trihydrate is a commonly used antibiotic in veterinary medicine, utilized for treating various bacterial infections in animals.
1. General Characteristics
| Aspect | Details |
| Classification | Beta – lactam antibiotic, part of the penicillin family. The trihydrate form contains three molecules of water of crystallization, which can impact its physical and chemical properties, such as solubility and stability. |
| Source | Synthesized semi – synthetically from 6 – aminopenicillanic acid. Specific chemical modifications are made to enhance its antibacterial properties and pharmacokinetic profile. |
| Formulation | Available as powders, which can be formulated into tablets, capsules, and oral suspensions for convenient oral administration to animals. Injectable solutions are also available for parenteral use, allowing for rapid drug delivery. In some cases, it may be used in topical formulations for treating skin and soft – tissue infections. |
| Solubility | Soluble in water, which is beneficial for preparing solutions for different routes of administration. However, the presence of water molecules in the trihydrate form may require specific formulation techniques to optimize its bioavailability in different animal species. |
2. Mechanism of Action
| Action | Explanation |
| Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis | Similar to other penicillins, Amoxicillin Trihydrate inhibits the synthesis of the bacterial cell wall. It binds to and inactivates penicillin – binding proteins (PBPs) in bacteria. These proteins are essential for the cross – linking of peptidoglycan chains, a crucial step in the formation of the rigid bacterial cell wall. By blocking this cross – linking process, the cell wall becomes weakened. As the bacteria grow and divide, the weakened cell wall cannot withstand the internal osmotic pressure, leading to cell lysis and death. |
| Selective Activity | It has a broad – spectrum antibacterial effect. Against Gram – positive bacteria like Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., and Clostridium spp., it is highly effective. Among Gram – negative bacteria, it is active against Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Haemophilus influenzae. However, resistance has emerged in some of these organisms over time, especially in Gram – negative bacteria due to the production of beta – lactamases that can inactivate the drug. |
3. Clinical Applications and Considerations
| Category | Details |
| Applications | – Treating respiratory tract infections in livestock and poultry. In poultry, it can be used against Escherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida, and streptococcal infections. In cattle, it helps combat respiratory diseases caused by Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida. – Managing gastrointestinal infections in animals. It is effective against Salmonella spp. and Escherichia coli that cause diarrhea and intestinal disorders. – Treating urinary tract infections in dogs and cats. It can target Escherichia coli, a common cause of urinary tract infections in these animals. – Treating skin and soft – tissue infections in animals, often caused by Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. |
| Considerations | – Overuse can contribute to the development of antibiotic – resistant bacteria. Adhering to proper dosage and treatment duration as prescribed by veterinarians is crucial. – Allergic reactions can occur in some animals, similar to human allergic reactions to penicillin. Symptoms may include rash, itching, swelling, and in severe cases, anaphylaxis. Monitoring for allergic reactions after administration is important. – High doses or long – term use may cause gastrointestinal upset in animals, including diarrhea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. It may also disrupt the normal gut microbiota. – Caution is required when using it in combination with other drugs. There may be potential drug – drug interactions, especially with other antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis or drugs that affect the immune system. For example, when combined with beta – lactamase inhibitors like clavulanic acid, it can enhance its effectiveness against beta – lactamase – producing bacteria. |
Amoxicillin Trihydrate plays a significant role in maintaining the health and productivity of livestock, poultry, and companion animals by effectively treating a wide range of bacterial infections.
