Acetonitrile
CAS No.: 75-05-8 | EC No.: 200-835-2
1. Chemical Identification
| Property | Specification |
|---|---|
| IUPAC Name | Ethanenitrile |
| Molecular Formula | C₂H₃N |
| Molecular Weight | 41.05 g/mol |
| Appearance | Clear colorless liquid |
| Color (APHA) | <10 |
| Density | 0.786 g/mL at 25°C |
| Melting Point | -45°C |
| Boiling Point | 81-82°C |
| Refractive Index | n<sup>20</sup><sub>D</sub> 1.344 |
| pKa | 25 (at 25°C) |
| Flash Point | 6°C (closed cup) |
Synonyms:
Methyl cyanide, AN, Cyanomethane
2. Key Applications
Industrial Solvent
- Petroleum Industry:
- Extraction of butadiene
- Removal of tar/phenols from hydrocarbons
- Vegetable Oil Processing: Fatty acid extraction
- Textile Industry: Synthetic fiber production
Pharmaceutical Sector
- Reaction Medium: Steroid drug recrystallization
- Vitamin B1 Synthesis: Key intermediate
Specialty Uses
- Polar Solvent System: 84% azeotrope with water (bp 76°C)
- Agriculture: Triazine nitrogen fertilizer component
- Perfumery: Fragrance intermediate
- Inorganic Chemistry: Ligand in coordination complexes
3. Product Advantages
✔ High Purity – UV-spectroscopy grade available
✔ Versatile Solvent – Miscible with water/organics
✔ Low Viscosity – Excellent penetration properties
4. Physical & Chemical Properties
- Dielectric Constant: 37.5 (20°C)
- Vapor Pressure: 72.8 mmHg at 20°C
- Azeotrope Composition: 84% AN + 16% H₂O
5. Handling & Storage
| Parameter | Requirement |
|---|---|
| Storage Temp | 15-25°C (cool, ventilated area) |
| Packaging | 200L steel drums/IBCs |
| Shelf Life | 24 months |
| Special Notes | Flameproof area required |
6. Safety Information
Danger!
- H225: Highly flammable liquid/vapor
- H302+H312+H332: Harmful if swallowed/in contact skin/inhaled
- H319: Causes serious eye irritation
Protective Measures:
- P210: Keep away from heat/sparks/open flames
- P280: Chemical-resistant gloves/face shield required
- P301+P330+P331: IF SWALLOWED: Rinse mouth, DO NOT induce vomiting
7. Quality Specifications
- Purity: ≥99.9% (GC)
- Water Content: ≤0.1%
- UV Cutoff: 190 nm
Disclaimer:
This technical information serves as professional reference only. Users must comply with local regulations and obtain necessary handling certifications. Always consult SDS before use.
