Chemical Additives

4-tert-Butylphenol (4-TBP): Overview and Key Properties

Category	Details
Chemical Name	4-tert-Butylphenol (4-TBP)
IUPAC Name	4-(1.1-Dimethylethyl)phenol
Molecular Formula	C₁₀H₁₄O
CAS Number	98-54-4
Appearance	White crystalline solid
Odor	Phenolic (characteristic)

Physical & Chemical Properties

Property	Value
Melting Point	98–101°C (208–214°F)
Boiling Point	237–239°C (459–462°F)
Density (20°C)	0.908 g/cm³
Solubility	Slightly soluble in water (0.5 g/L); soluble in ethanol, ether
Flash Point	110°C (230°F)

Production Methods

Method	Process Description
Alkylation	Phenol + Isobutylene (acid-catalyzed)
Ion Exchange	Phenol + tert-Butyl alcohol (zeolite catalyst)

Applications

Industry	Uses
Resins & Polymers	Intermediate for phenolic resins, epoxy modifiers
Surfactants	Raw material for nonionic detergents
Lubricants	Antioxidant additive
Agrochemicals	Precursor for pesticides/fungicides
Cosmetics	Preservative (regulated use)

Safety & Regulatory Status

Parameter	Details
OSHA PEL	Not established
Health Hazards	Skin/eye irritant; suspected endocrine disruptor
Environmental Impact	Toxic to aquatic life (LC50: 2–10 mg/L)
Regulations	REACH registered; restricted in cosmetics (EU)

Comparison with Substituted Phenols

Compound	4-TBP vs. Alternatives
Phenol	Higher hydrophobicity, lower reactivity
4-Nonylphenol	Less persistent in environment
Bisphenol A	No estrogenic activity

Market Information

Aspect	Details
Global Demand	~20.000 tons/year
Price Range	$3–5/kg
Major Producers	SI Group, Sasol, DIC Corporation

Key Advantages and Limitations

Advantages	Limitations
Effective resin modifier	Environmental toxicity concerns
Stable under heat	Restricted in consumer products
Low volatility	Requires careful handling

Summary

4-tert-Butylphenol is a versatile chemical intermediate valued for its hydrophobic properties in resins and surfactants. While industrial demand remains steady, environmental and health concerns are driving research into safer alternatives for sensitive applications.

4-tert-Butylphenol is an organic compound with the chemical formula C₁₀H₁₄O. It consists of a phenol ring (a benzene ring with a hydroxyl group, -OH) and a tert-butyl group (-C(CH₃)₃) attached at the 4-position (para position). This structure makes it a substituted phenol, combining the properties of phenols and bulky alkyl groups.

4-tert-Butylphenol is widely used in the production of resins, polymers, and stabilizers. It is a key intermediate in the synthesis of phenolic resins, which are used in coatings, adhesives, and molding compounds. It is also employed as an antioxidant and UV stabilizer in plastics and rubber. Additionally, it serves as a precursor for fragrances and pharmaceuticals.

The compound is typically a white to pale yellow crystalline solid with a mild phenolic odor. It is toxic and can cause irritation to the skin, eyes, and respiratory system. Proper handling, including the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and working in a well-ventilated area, is essential. It should be stored in a cool, dry place, away from heat and incompatible materials.

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