What is the difference between pigment and dye ink?

FAQ 2025-03-26

Pigment ink and dye ink are two common types of inks used in printing, each with distinct characteristics. Here’s a breakdown of their differences:

1. Physical Composition

Pigment Ink:

Consists of solid, insoluble particles (pigments) suspended in a liquid carrier.

Particles range from nanometers to micrometers in size (e.g., 40–125 nm for nano-grade, 0.125–0.300 µm for micro-grade).

Requires dispersants to keep particles evenly distributed.

Dye Ink:

Fully dissolved, molecular-level colorants in a solvent (water, alcohol, or oil).

Dye molecules are 1–2 nm in size, making them much smaller than pigment particles.

No need for dispersants; dyes dissolve completely.

2. Water and Light Resistance

Pigment Ink:

Highly water-resistant (suitable for outdoor use or documents needing longevity).

Better resistance to UV light and fading over time.

Forms a protective layer on the printed surface.

Dye Ink:

Water-soluble and prone to smudging if wet.

Fades more easily under sunlight or harsh conditions.

No protective layer—colorants penetrate the substrate directly.

3. Print Quality and Color

Pigment Ink:

Produces sharp, dense text (ideal for documents).

Colors may appear slightly duller due to light scattering from pigment particles.

Excellent for black-and-white printing.

Dye Ink:

Offers vibrant, saturated colors with smooth gradients.

Better for photos and color-rich images.

Colors appear more “glossy” on coated papers.

4. Printer Compatibility and Clogging

Pigment Ink:

Larger particles may clog printer nozzles if not properly formulated.

Requires compatible printer heads (e.g., nano-pigments for smaller nozzles).

Dye Ink:

Smaller molecular size reduces clogging risk.

Works well in most printers, including those with fine nozzles.

5. Durability and Longevity

Pigment Ink:

Prints last longer (decades) without fading, even in sunlight.

Resistant to chemicals and abrasion.

Dye Ink:

Prints may fade within years, especially in humid or sunny environments.

Less durable for archival purposes.

6. Cost

Pigment Ink: Generally more expensive due to complex formulation and durability benefits.

Dye Ink: Cheaper to produce, making it popular for everyday printing.

When to Use Each:

Pigment Ink:

Documents requiring water/fade resistance (e.g., contracts, photos for display).

Black-and-white text for sharpness.

Dye Ink:

Color photos, graphics, or short-term prints.

Indoor use where durability isn’t critical.

Summary Table

Feature Pigment Ink Dye Ink
Composition Solid particles in suspension Fully dissolved molecules
Waterproof Yes No
Fade Resistance High Low
Color Vibrancy Slightly duller More vibrant
Clogging Risk Higher Lower
Cost Higher Lower
Best For Documents, archival prints Photos, everyday color printing

If you prioritize long-lasting, water-resistant prints, choose pigment ink. For vibrant colors and low cost, dye ink is preferable.