What is the difference between pigment and dye ink?
FAQ 2025-03-26
Pigment ink and dye ink are two common types of inks used in printing, each with distinct characteristics. Here’s a breakdown of their differences:
1. Physical Composition
Pigment Ink:
Consists of solid, insoluble particles (pigments) suspended in a liquid carrier.
Particles range from nanometers to micrometers in size (e.g., 40–125 nm for nano-grade, 0.125–0.300 µm for micro-grade).
Requires dispersants to keep particles evenly distributed.
Dye Ink:
Fully dissolved, molecular-level colorants in a solvent (water, alcohol, or oil).
Dye molecules are 1–2 nm in size, making them much smaller than pigment particles.
No need for dispersants; dyes dissolve completely.
2. Water and Light Resistance
Pigment Ink:
Highly water-resistant (suitable for outdoor use or documents needing longevity).
Better resistance to UV light and fading over time.
Forms a protective layer on the printed surface.
Dye Ink:
Water-soluble and prone to smudging if wet.
Fades more easily under sunlight or harsh conditions.
No protective layer—colorants penetrate the substrate directly.
3. Print Quality and Color
Pigment Ink:
Produces sharp, dense text (ideal for documents).
Colors may appear slightly duller due to light scattering from pigment particles.
Excellent for black-and-white printing.
Dye Ink:
Offers vibrant, saturated colors with smooth gradients.
Better for photos and color-rich images.
Colors appear more “glossy” on coated papers.
4. Printer Compatibility and Clogging
Pigment Ink:
Larger particles may clog printer nozzles if not properly formulated.
Requires compatible printer heads (e.g., nano-pigments for smaller nozzles).
Dye Ink:
Smaller molecular size reduces clogging risk.
Works well in most printers, including those with fine nozzles.
5. Durability and Longevity
Pigment Ink:
Prints last longer (decades) without fading, even in sunlight.
Resistant to chemicals and abrasion.
Dye Ink:
Prints may fade within years, especially in humid or sunny environments.
Less durable for archival purposes.
6. Cost
Pigment Ink: Generally more expensive due to complex formulation and durability benefits.
Dye Ink: Cheaper to produce, making it popular for everyday printing.
When to Use Each:
Pigment Ink:
Documents requiring water/fade resistance (e.g., contracts, photos for display).
Black-and-white text for sharpness.
Dye Ink:
Color photos, graphics, or short-term prints.
Indoor use where durability isn’t critical.
Summary Table
Feature | Pigment Ink | Dye Ink |
---|---|---|
Composition | Solid particles in suspension | Fully dissolved molecules |
Waterproof | Yes | No |
Fade Resistance | High | Low |
Color Vibrancy | Slightly duller | More vibrant |
Clogging Risk | Higher | Lower |
Cost | Higher | Lower |
Best For | Documents, archival prints | Photos, everyday color printing |
If you prioritize long-lasting, water-resistant prints, choose pigment ink. For vibrant colors and low cost, dye ink is preferable.