
Tylosin Tartrate CAS 1405-54-5
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Category:Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients MOQ:100KG Shipped directly from China
Introduction
Molecular Formula:C49H81NO23
Molecular Weight: 1052.16
CAS No.: 1405-54-5
Description
It is a tartrate of a mixture of macrolide antibiotic substances, or the mixture of such substances, produced by the growth of Streptomyces fradiae, or by any other means.
Application
It is a special antibiotic for macrolides. It has special effects on Gram-positive bacteria and mycoplasma, especially for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae. It is the first choice for treating chronic respiratory diseases caused by Mycoplasma.
Packing and Storage
Preserve in well-closed containers, protected from light, moisture, and excessive heat. Store at 25°C, excursions permitted between 15°C and 30°C.
Minimum Order
One package
Tylosin Tartrate Introduction
Item | Details |
Generic Name | Tylosin Tartrate |
CAS Number | 74610 – 55 – 2 |
Trade Names | Tylan, etc. |
Classification | Macrolide antibiotic |
Chemical Structure | Tylosin tartrate has a 16 – membered macrolactone ring structure. The molecular formula of tylosin (anhydrous) is C₄₇H₇₇NO₁₇, and in the tartrate form, it combines with tartaric acid. The structure includes various functional groups, such as hydroxyl and glycosidic bonds, which are crucial for its antibacterial activity and binding to the bacterial ribosome. The tartrate salt form is used to improve solubility and stability in pharmaceutical preparations. |
Pharmacological Action | Tylosin tartrate binds to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome. This binding inhibits the translocation step during protein synthesis, preventing the ribosome from moving along the mRNA to add new amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain. As a result, bacterial protein synthesis is inhibited, leading to the suppression of bacterial growth and replication. It has a broad – spectrum antibacterial activity, with particular effectiveness against Gram – positive bacteria, such as Streptococcus and Staphylococcus species. It also shows good activity against Mycoplasma species, which are important pathogens in veterinary medicine. |
Clinical Applications | 1. Veterinary Medicine – Respiratory Infections: – In swine, it is widely used for the prevention and treatment of swine respiratory disease syndrome (SRDS). SRDS is often associated with multiple pathogens such as Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae, Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae, and Pasteurella multocida. Tylosin tartrate can target these pathogens, reducing the incidence and severity of respiratory symptoms and improving the growth performance of swine. – In poultry, it can be used to treat respiratory infections caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum and other related bacteria, helping to maintain the health of the flock and prevent economic losses due to disease. 2. Gastrointestinal Infections in Animals: – It may also be applied in the treatment of certain gastrointestinal infections in animals where the causative agents are susceptible to macrolide antibiotics. For example, in some cases of diarrhea in livestock caused by sensitive bacteria, tylosin tartrate can be used to control the infection. 3. Growth Promotion in Livestock: In some regions, tylosin tartrate has been used as a feed additive to promote growth in livestock. Its antibacterial action may help improve the gut health of animals, leading to better nutrient absorption and growth. |
Dosage and Administration | Veterinary Use: – Swine: Usually administered in the feed. The typical dosage for prevention of SRDS is around 20 – 40 ppm (mg/kg of feed), and for treatment, it may be increased to 40 – 80 ppm for a specific period, often 7 – 14 days. The exact dosage may vary depending on the severity of the infection and the weight of the animals. – Poultry: Can be added to the drinking water or feed. When added to the drinking water, the concentration is typically 50 – 100 mg/L for a certain number of days, usually 3 – 5 days for treatment. In feed, the concentration is adjusted according to the age and type of poultry, generally in a similar ppm range as in swine but with appropriate adjustments. – Growth Promotion in Livestock: When used for growth promotion, the dosage is usually lower, around 10 – 20 ppm in the feed. Proper mixing of the drug in feed or water is essential to ensure uniform distribution and accurate dosing for all animals. |
Adverse Reactions | 1. Gastrointestinal Effects: – In some animals, especially when the dosage is too high or the animals have a sensitive digestive system, tylosin tartrate may cause gastrointestinal disturbances. This can include diarrhea, decreased appetite, and vomiting. These effects are usually reversible once the drug is discontinued or the dosage is adjusted. 2. Allergic Reactions: – Although rare, allergic reactions can occur in animals. Symptoms may include skin rashes, itching, increased respiratory rate, and in severe cases, anaphylactic shock. Monitoring of animals during treatment for any signs of allergic reactions is important. 3. Resistance Development: – Prolonged or inappropriate use of tylosin tartrate can lead to the development of antibiotic – resistant bacteria. This is a significant concern as it can reduce the effectiveness of the drug in treating future infections and may also contribute to the spread of resistance within the animal population and potentially to humans. |
Drug Interactions | 1. With Other Antibiotics: – When used in combination with other antibiotics, the interactions can be complex. Combining it with some bactericidal antibiotics, such as beta – lactams, may lead to antagonistic effects in some cases. The bacteriostatic action of tylosin tartrate (inhibiting bacterial growth) can interfere with the bactericidal action (killing actively growing bacteria) of beta – lactams. However, when combined with other macrolides or certain synergistic antibiotics, it may show additive or synergistic antibacterial effects. 2. With Feed Additives: – Some feed additives, such as certain minerals or vitamins, may interact with tylosin tartrate. For example, high levels of calcium in the feed can chelate with the antibiotic, reducing its absorption in the animal’s gastrointestinal tract and thus decreasing its effectiveness. 3. With Drugs Affecting the Liver or Kidneys: – Since tylosin tartrate is metabolized in the liver and excreted mainly through the kidneys, drugs that affect liver function (such as some hepatotoxic drugs) or renal function (such as certain diuretics or nephrotoxic drugs) may interact with it. These interactions can potentially affect the drug’s metabolism, excretion, and overall efficacy and safety. |
Special Population Considerations | 1. Pregnant and Lactating Animals: – Use in pregnant and lactating animals should be carefully considered. Although there is limited data on its teratogenic effects, it may cross the placenta and be excreted in milk. In some cases, the benefits of treatment may need to be weighed against the potential risks to the offspring. Close monitoring of pregnant and lactating animals during treatment is recommended. 2. Young and Elderly Animals: – Young animals may have immature liver and kidney functions, which can affect the metabolism and excretion of tylosin tartrate. Dosage adjustment may be required in young animals to avoid potential toxicity. Elderly animals may also be more sensitive to the drug’s side effects, and careful monitoring is needed when treating them. 3. Animals with Pre – existing Health Conditions: – In animals with pre – existing liver, kidney, or immune – system disorders, the use of tylosin tartrate requires special attention. The drug may exacerbate the underlying condition or be affected by it, and appropriate dosage adjustments or alternative treatment options may need to be considered. |
History and Development | Tylosin was first isolated from Streptomyces fradiae in the 1950s. The tartrate salt form was developed to enhance its pharmaceutical properties. Over the years, tylosin tartrate has become an important antibiotic in veterinary medicine, especially for the treatment and prevention of respiratory and gastrointestinal infections in swine and poultry. However, due to concerns about antibiotic resistance and its impact on public health, its use has been regulated in many countries, and efforts are being made to use it more responsibly. |
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