
Oxytetracycline Base CAS 79-57-2
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Category:Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients MOQ:100KG Shipped directly from China
Introduction
Molecular Formula:C22H24N2O9
Molecular Weight :460.434
CAS No.79-57-2
It belongs to the tetracycline group and is a broad-spectrum semi-synthetic antibiotic. It is a bacteriostatic rather than a bactericidal drug.
Description
It is a pale yellow crystalline or amorphous powder, odorless, darker in daylight. It is very slightly soluble in water. It dissolves in dilute acid and alkaline solutions.
Application
It is a broad-spectrum antibiotic that inhibits both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and also acts as a growth promoting agent. The antibacterial spectrum and antibacterial principle of oxytetracycline are basically the same as those of tetracycline. The curative effect on intestinal infection (including amoebic dysentery) is slightly better than that of chlortetracycline and tetracycline. Other indications are the same as tetracycline.
Packing
25kg/ bag or as customer’s requirements.
Storage
Preserve in well-closed container.
Minimum Order
One package
Oxytetracycline Base Introduction
Item | Details |
Generic Name | Oxytetracycline Base |
CAS Number | 79 – 57 – 2 |
Trade Names | Terramycin, etc. |
Classification | Tetracycline – class antibiotic |
Chemical Structure | Oxytetracycline base has a four – ring naphthacene structure characteristic of tetracyclines. The molecular formula is C₂₂H₂₄N₂O₉. It contains hydroxyl and amino groups on the rings, which play crucial roles in its antibacterial activity and binding to the bacterial ribosome. The base form is less soluble than some of its salt forms but still has significant pharmaceutical applications. |
Pharmacological Action | Oxytetracycline base binds to the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome. This binding inhibits the binding of amino – acyl tRNA to the mRNA – ribosome complex, preventing the addition of new amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain. As a result, protein synthesis in bacteria is inhibited, leading to the suppression of bacterial growth and replication. It has broad – spectrum antibacterial activity, being effective against many Gram – positive and Gram – negative bacteria, as well as some mycoplasmas, rickettsiae, and chlamydiae. |
Clinical Applications | 1. Respiratory Tract Infections: – Can be used to treat community – acquired pneumonia, especially when caused by atypical pathogens such as Mycoplasma pneumoniae and Chlamydia pneumoniae. – Used for acute exacerbations of chronic bronchitis, targeting relevant bacteria. 2. Genitourinary Tract Infections: – Treats non – gonococcal urethritis and cervicitis caused by Chlamydia trachomatis. 3. Skin and Soft Tissue Infections: – Effective against acne, as it can reduce the growth of Propionibacterium acnes. – Treats cellulitis, impetigo, and other skin infections caused by Staphylococcus aureus and Streptococcus pyogenes. 4. Zoonotic Infections: – Used to treat infections such as Rocky Mountain spotted fever (caused by Rickettsia rickettsii) and some tick – borne diseases. |
Dosage and Administration | Adults: – For oral administration, the typical dose is 250 – 500 mg every 6 – 12 hours, depending on the severity of the infection. – In some cases, it can be administered intravenously, with appropriate dilution and infusion rate. Children: – Oral dose is calculated based on body weight, usually 25 – 50 mg/kg per day, divided into 3 – 4 equal doses. – It should be taken on an empty stomach, at least 1 hour before or 2 hours after meals, with a full glass of water to ensure proper absorption. |
Adverse Reactions | 1. Gastrointestinal Effects: Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain are common. Taking the drug with food may help reduce these symptoms, but it also reduces absorption. 2. Photosensitivity: Oxytetracycline base can increase the skin’s sensitivity to sunlight, leading to an increased risk of sunburn and rashes. Patients should be advised to avoid excessive sun exposure and use sunscreen. 3. Tooth Discoloration and Bone Growth Effects: In children under 8 years old, long – term use can cause permanent tooth discoloration (yellow – brown staining) and may affect bone growth. Therefore, it is generally not recommended for use in this age group, except in some specific indications where the benefits outweigh the risks. 4. Allergic Reactions: Although rare, allergic reactions can occur, including rashes, itching, hives, and in severe cases, anaphylactic shock. 5. Candida Infections: It can disrupt the normal balance of flora in the body, leading to overgrowth of Candida species, which can cause oral thrush, vaginal yeast infections, or other types of candidiasis. |
Drug Interactions | 1. With Antacids and Dairy Products: Antacids containing aluminum, calcium, or magnesium, as well as dairy products, can chelate with oxytetracycline base. This reduces the absorption of the antibiotic in the gastrointestinal tract, decreasing its effectiveness. Patients should avoid taking these substances within 2 – 3 hours of taking oxytetracycline. 2. With Oral Contraceptives: Similar to other antibiotics, oxytetracycline base may reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives by interfering with the normal gut flora that recycles estrogen conjugates. Women using oral contraceptives should be advised to use additional contraceptive methods during treatment. 3. With Warfarin: Oxytetracycline base may enhance the anticoagulant effect of warfarin, increasing the risk of bleeding. Regular monitoring of prothrombin time or international normalized ratio (INR) is necessary when these two drugs are used concomitantly. 4. With Other Tetracyclines: Using oxytetracycline base with other tetracycline – class antibiotics may increase the risk of side effects and is generally not recommended, as there is no clear advantage in terms of antibacterial activity. |
Special Population Considerations | 1. Pregnant Women: Use during pregnancy is not recommended as it can cross the placenta and may affect fetal bone and tooth development. It may also increase the risk of maternal liver toxicity. 2. Breastfeeding Women: It is excreted in breast milk, and breastfeeding should be avoided during treatment to prevent potential effects on the nursing infant’s teeth and bones. 3. Children under 8 years old: Due to the risk of tooth discoloration and bone growth effects, oxytetracycline base should generally be avoided in this age group, except in some special cases where the benefits clearly outweigh the risks. 4. Patients with Renal Impairment: The drug should be used with caution in patients with renal impairment, as it may accumulate and increase the risk of side effects. Dosage adjustment may be required. |
History and Development | Oxytetracycline was one of the first tetracycline – class antibiotics discovered. It was isolated from Streptomyces rimosus in the 1950s. Over the years, with the development of other antibiotics and the emergence of resistance, its use has become more restricted. However, it still has applications in some regions and for certain types of infections. |
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