Other Additives

Citicoline sodium can gradually restore the function of limbs in hemiplegia caused by cerebral stroke, and can also be used for other functional and consciousness disorders caused by acute injury of the central nervous system, as well as ischemic cerebrovascular disease and vascular dementia.

Citicoline Sodium, also known as sodium citicoline, is a compound used in medicine and neuroscience research. It plays a crucial role in brain health and cognitive function due to its ability to enhance phospholipid metabolism in brain cell membranes.

Citicoline Sodium acts as a precursor for the synthesis of phosphatidylcholine, a major component of cell membranes. This process supports the structural integrity and fluidity of neuronal membranes, which are essential for optimal brain function. Additionally, Citicoline Sodium contributes to the production of acetylcholine, a neurotransmitter involved in memory and learning processes.

In clinical applications, Citicoline Sodium has been utilized for treating various neurological disorders such as stroke, traumatic brain injury, and dementia. Studies have shown that it can improve symptoms by promoting recovery of brain function and enhancing cognitive abilities. After administration, Citicoline Sodium is broken down into choline and cytidine, both of which cross the blood-brain barrier to exert their effects.

The safety profile of Citicoline Sodium is generally favorable when administered under medical supervision. However, like any pharmaceutical product, it may cause side effects in some individuals, including gastrointestinal discomfort or headache. Therefore, its use should be guided by healthcare professionals who consider individual patient needs and conditions.

Beyond clinical settings, Citicoline Sodium is also popular among healthy individuals seeking nootropic benefits—enhancements to memory, attention, and mental energy. Despite promising results from numerous studies, further research is necessary to fully understand its mechanisms and long-term effects.

In summary, Citicoline Sodium serves as an important tool in maintaining and restoring brain health through its impact on membrane repair and neurotransmitter synthesis. Its potential continues to be explored across different fields of medicine and beyond.

Category	Details
Chemical Formula	C₁₄H₂₆N₄NaO₁₁P₂ (Sodium salt of cytidine-5′-diphosphocholine)
Pharmacological Class	Neuroprotective agent – Enhances phospholipid biosynthesis in neurons
Primary Indications	– Cerebrovascular accidents: Post-stroke recovery – Cognitive impairment: Alzheimer’s, vascular dementia – Head trauma: TBI rehabilitation – Glaucoma: Neuroprotective adjunct
Mechanism of Action	– Phospholipid precursor: Increases neuronal membrane synthesis – Acetylcholine precursor: Boosts cholinergic neurotransmission – Antioxidant: Reduces free radical damage
Pharmacokinetics	– Bioavailability: ~15% (oral) – Half-life: 1.5-3 hours – Metabolism: Hydrolyzed to choline/cytidine – Excretion: Renal (70-80%)
Dosage Forms	– Tablets: 500mg, 1000mg – Injections: 500mg/2mL, 1000mg/4mL – Oral solution: 50mg/mL
Administration	– Acute phase: IV infusion (1000mg/day) – Maintenance: Oral (500-2000mg/day) – Duration: 6-12 weeks (clinical trials)
Adverse Effects	– Mild: Headache, GI disturbance – Rare: Allergic reactions, hypotension – Long-term: Not established (limited data >6 months)
Drug Interactions	– Synergistic: Levodopa, donepezil – Caution: Anticholinergics (additive effects) – Monitor: Warfarin (theoretical interaction)
Regulatory Status	– FDA: Dietary supplement (NDIN 883) – EMA: Orphan drug designation (2008) – Japan: Approved for dementia (2011)
Market Trends	– Aging populations: Rising demand for cognitive enhancers – Combination therapies: With cholinesterase inhibitors – Emerging markets: Asia-Pacific growth (2023-2028 CAGR ~7.2%)

Note: Clinically studied for neuroplasticity enhancement. Requires controlled trials to validate long-term efficacy in chronic neurodegeneration.

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