Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients

Tetracycline hydrochloride has certain antibacterial effect on some anaerobic bacteria, but it is far inferior to metronidazole, clindamycin and chloramphenicol, so it is not selected in clinical practice. For many years, due to the wide application of tetracyclines, the clinical common pathogenic bacteria, including Gram-positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus and Gram-negative bacteria such as enterobacter, are seriously resistant to tetracyclines.

Molecular Formula：C22H24N2O8,HCL

Molecular Weight：480.9

CAS No.:64-75-5

Description:Tetracycline hydrochloride is yellow crystal and odorless. It tastes bitter. Easy to absorb moisture. The light color changes to a darker color. Soluble in water and methanol. Ethanol, insoluble in ether, hydroxyl.

Application；It is used to treat non bacterial infections such as chlamydia infection, rickettsiae disease, mycoplasma pneumonia and relapsing fever. It is also used to treat respiratory system, bile duct, urinary tract infection and skin and soft tissue infection caused by brucellosis, cholera, rabbit fever, rat bite fever, anthrax, tetanus, pestis, actinomycosis, gas gangrene and sensitive bacteria.

Packing and Storage：Preserve in tight, light-resistant containers. If the substance is sterile, store in a sterile, tamper-proof container.

Tetracycline Hydrochloride: A Veterinary Antibiotic

Tetracycline Hydrochloride is a well – known antibiotic in veterinary medicine, used for treating a wide range of bacterial infections in animals.

1. General Information

Aspect	Details
Classification	Tetracycline – class antibiotic
Source	Originally derived from Streptomyces spp., can also be produced semi – synthetically
Formulation	Available as powders, tablets, capsules, injectable solutions, and topical preparations. Feed premixes are also common for livestock.
Solubility	Soluble in water, which is beneficial for various routes of administration such as in drinking water for poultry and livestock, or for intravenous/intramuscular injections.

2. Mechanism of Action

Action	Explanation
Inhibition of Protein Synthesis	Tetracycline Hydrochloride binds to the 30S ribosomal subunit of bacteria. This binding prevents the attachment of amino – acyl tRNA to the acceptor site on the ribosome – mRNA complex. As a result, the addition of new amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain is blocked, inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis.
Selective Activity	It has a broad – spectrum antibacterial effect, targeting both Gram – positive and Gram – negative bacteria. It also has activity against certain mycoplasmas, rickettsiae, and chlamydiae. The unique structure of the ribosomes in these organisms allows for specific binding of tetracycline hydrochloride.

3. Clinical Applications and Considerations

Category	Details
Applications	– Treating respiratory tract infections in cattle, swine, and poultry. In cattle, it can be used against Pasteurella multocida and Mycoplasma bovis. In poultry, it is effective against Escherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida, and Mycoplasma gallisepticum. – Used to control skin and soft – tissue infections in animals, often caused by Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. – Employed in aquaculture to treat bacterial diseases in fish, such as Aeromonas hydrophila infections.
Considerations	– Overuse can lead to the development of antibiotic – resistant bacteria. Adhering to proper dosage and treatment duration as prescribed by veterinarians is crucial. – Can cause gastrointestinal upset in animals, including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea. It may also alter the normal gut microbiota. – In young animals, it can cause discoloration of teeth and affect bone growth if used during tooth and bone development stages. – Caution is required when using it in combination with other drugs, as there may be potential drug – drug interactions. For example, it may interact with calcium – containing compounds, reducing its absorption.

Tetracycline Hydrochloride plays a vital role in maintaining the health and productivity of livestock, poultry, and in aquaculture through effective treatment of bacterial infections.

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