Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients

Molecular Formula：C23H46N6O13,xH2SO4

Molecular Weight： 615

CAS No.: 1405-10-3

It is an aminoglycoside antibiotic that has good antibacterial properties against enterobacteriaceae such as Staphylococcus (methicillin-sensitive strain), Corynebacterium, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus It has poor activity against various groups of Streptococcus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus, etc.

Description

It is aminoglycosidic antibiotics. It is a white or yellowish-white powder. It is ery soluble in water, very slightly soluble in alcohol, practically insoluble in acetone.

Application

It is an aminoglycoside antibiotic. It is a broad-spectrum antibiotic. It has good effects on Staphylococcus aureus, Diphtheria Bacillus and anthrax bacillus.

Packing and Storage

Preserve in tight, light-resistant containers.

Minimum Order

One package

Neomycin Sulphate Introduction

Item	Details
Basic Information	Neomycin sulphate is an aminoglycoside antibiotic. Its chemical formula is C₂₃H₄₇N₅O₁₇S·nH₂SO₄ (where n is usually around 3). It is a complex salt formed from neomycin, which is produced by Streptomyces fradiae. It appears as a white or almost white powder and has good solubility in water, making it suitable for various pharmaceutical formulations.
Pharmacological Action	Neomycin sulphate acts by binding to the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome. This binding disrupts the initiation of protein synthesis and causes misreading of the messenger RNA code. As a result, incorrect amino acids are incorporated into the growing polypeptide chain, leading to the production of non – functional or toxic proteins in bacteria. It has a broad – spectrum antibacterial activity, with a primary focus on Gram – negative bacteria. It is effective against Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus species, and some strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Against Gram – positive bacteria, it shows activity against Staphylococcus aureus, although it is less effective against methicillin – resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Clinical Applications	1. Topical Infections: – Neomycin sulphate is commonly used in topical creams, ointments, and eye/ear drops. In topical skin infections, it can treat conditions like impetigo, cellulitis, and infected wounds. For example, in cases of minor cuts and abrasions that have become infected with Gram – negative or Gram – positive bacteria, neomycin – containing creams can help clear the infection. – In ophthalmic applications, it is used to treat eye infections such as conjunctivitis, keratitis, and blepharitis caused by susceptible bacteria. – In otolaryngology, it is used in ear drops for the treatment of otitis externa and certain cases of otitis media when the causative organisms are sensitive. 2. Gastrointestinal Decontamination: – It can be used orally (although absorption from the gastrointestinal tract is minimal) for bowel decontamination before certain surgeries. By reducing the bacterial load in the gut, it helps prevent postoperative infections. – In some cases, it may be used to treat certain gastrointestinal infections, such as hepatic encephalopathy associated with elevated ammonia levels. Neomycin can reduce the production of ammonia – producing bacteria in the gut.
Adverse Reactions	1. Ototoxicity: Similar to other aminoglycosides, neomycin sulphate can cause ototoxicity. It can damage the inner ear, leading to sensorineural hearing loss and balance problems. The risk is higher with higher doses, longer treatment duration, and in patients with pre – existing hearing impairment or renal impairment. 2. Nephrotoxicity: It can cause damage to the kidneys, leading to acute tubular necrosis and impaired renal function. Symptoms may include increased serum creatinine levels, decreased urine output, and electrolyte imbalances. 3. Allergic Reactions: Allergic reactions can occur, ranging from mild rashes, itching, and hives to severe anaphylactic shock. Patients with a history of allergic reactions to aminoglycoside antibiotics are at a higher risk. 4. Gastrointestinal Effects: When used orally, it can cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain. These effects are due to its impact on the normal gut flora and possible irritation of the gastrointestinal mucosa. 5. Neuromuscular Blockade: In some cases, especially with high doses or in patients with pre – existing neuromuscular disorders, it can cause neuromuscular blockade, leading to muscle weakness and respiratory depression.
Drug Interactions	1. With Other Nephrotoxic Drugs: Concurrent use with other nephrotoxic drugs, such as amphotericin B, vancomycin, or certain non – steroidal anti – inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs), can increase the risk of nephrotoxicity. 2. With Neuromuscular – Blocking Agents: Neomycin sulphate can enhance the neuromuscular – blocking effect of drugs like succinylcholine and tubocurarine, leading to increased muscle weakness and respiratory depression. 3. With Diuretics: Diuretics, especially loop diuretics like furosemide, can increase the risk of ototoxicity when used in combination with neomycin sulphate. 4. With Probenecid: Probenecid can inhibit the renal tubular secretion of neomycin, increasing its plasma concentration and half – life, which may enhance the antibacterial effect but also increase the risk of side effects.
Special Population Considerations	1. Pregnant Women: The use of neomycin sulphate during pregnancy is generally not recommended due to the potential risk of ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity to the fetus. However, in some cases where the benefits outweigh the risks, such as in severe infections, it may be used with careful monitoring. 2. Breastfeeding Women: Neomycin is excreted in breast milk in small amounts. Although the risk to the breastfeeding infant is relatively low, alternative medications may be preferred if possible. 3. Patients with Renal Impairment: In patients with renal impairment, the clearance of neomycin sulphate is significantly reduced. Dosage adjustment is crucial, and close monitoring of serum drug levels and renal function is required to avoid toxicity. 4. Elderly Patients: Elderly patients are more sensitive to the ototoxic and nephrotoxic effects of neomycin sulphate. Close monitoring and appropriate dosing adjustments are necessary.
Differences from Kanamycin Sulphate	1. Clinical Usage Emphasis: Kanamycin sulphate is more commonly used systemically (intravenous or intramuscular) for severe systemic infections like pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and intra – abdominal infections. Neomycin sulphate, on the other hand, is mainly used topically for skin, eye, and ear infections and for gastrointestinal decontamination. 2. Absorption and Distribution: Neomycin has very low absorption from the gastrointestinal tract when given orally, which is why it is used for bowel decontamination. Kanamycin, when given orally (less common), has a slightly higher absorption rate compared to neomycin. Systemically administered kanamycin reaches a wider range of tissues and organs compared to neomycin. 3. Potency and Spectrum: While both have a broad – spectrum antibacterial activity mainly against Gram – negative bacteria, some studies suggest that kanamycin may have a slightly broader spectrum against certain strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa compared to neomycin. In terms of potency, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values may vary depending on the bacterial species, but generally, the two drugs have similar effectiveness against common Gram – negative and Gram – positive pathogens at appropriate doses.

 

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