Chemical Additives

​Isocyanate

Chemical Formula: -N=C=O
Structure: Reactive functional group with a ​nitrogen atom bonded to a ​carbonyl carbon (C=O). Common compounds include:

• ​Toluene Diisocyanate (TDI).
• ​Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate (MDI).

​Physical Properties

• ​Physical State: Colorless to pale yellow liquids or solids.
• ​Odor: Pungent.
• ​Reactivity: Reacts vigorously with ​polyols to form ​polyurethanes.

​Applications

1. ​Polyurethane Production:
   • Key component in ​foams, ​coatings, ​adhesives, and ​elastomers.
2. ​Industrial Uses:
   • Manufacture of ​insulation materials, ​furniture, ​automotive parts, and ​footwear.

​Safety Considerations ⚠️

• ​Toxicity:
  • ​Severe respiratory irritant; may cause asthma or hypersensitivity.
  • Skin contact leads to irritation or dermatitis.
• ​Handling:
  • Use ​PPE (gloves, goggles, respirator) and ensure ​adequate ventilation.
• ​Storage:
  • Store in a ​cool, dry, airtight container away from ​moisture and incompatible substances.

Summary:
Isocyanates’ ​reactivity with polyols underpins their critical role in polyurethane manufacturing. Their ​toxicity and ​irritant properties demand strict adherence to safety protocols in industrial and laboratory settings.