Chlortetracycline HCL CAS 64-72-2
Category：Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
Introduction
Specification： EP10.0
Molecular Formula: C22H24Cl2N2O8
Molecular Weight: 515.341
CAS No.: 64-72-2
Chlortetracycline hydrochloride is a tetracycline spectrum antibiotic, which has strong inhibitory effect on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma (Mycoplasma), and Rickettsia.
Description
It is golden yellow or yellow crystals, odorless, and the color gradually darkens when exposed to light, slightly soluble in water or ethanol, almost insoluble in acetone or ether.
Application
It is obtained from the culture solution of Streptomyces aureofaciens. Commonly used hydrochloride, its aqueous solution is the most unstable among tetracyclines, and is quickly destroyed in neutral or alkaline solutions. The antibacterial effect is the same as that of oxytetracycline. It is not used for systemic infections because of its strong irritation. It is mostly used as a raw material for external preparations and feed drug additives. Chlortetracycline hydrochloride ointment can prevent and treat superficial eye infections caused by tetracycline-sensitive bacteria.
It has a strong inhibitory effect on Gram-positive and negative bacteria, Chlamydia, Mycoplasma (Mycoplasma), and Rickettsia.
It is suitable for chicken pullorum, typhoid fever, swine bacterial enteritis and bacterial diseases of poultry and livestock.
It is used as the raw material of medicine for prevention and treatment of diseases.
Packing
25kgs / drum
Storage：
It should be protected from light, sealed and stored in a dry place.
Shelf Life :
48 months from date of production when stored in good condition.
Minimum Order
One package.
Chlortetracycline HCL Introduction
| Item | Details |
| Generic Name | Chlortetracycline HCL |
| Trade Names | Aureomycin, etc. |
| Classification | Tetracycline – class antibiotic |
| Chemical Structure | It has a four – ring naphthacene structure characteristic of tetracyclines. The chemical formula is C₂₂H₂₃ClN₂O₈·HCl, with a molecular weight of 515.35. The chlorine atom on the ring structure and other functional groups contribute to its antibacterial properties. The hydrochloride form is used to enhance solubility and stability in pharmaceutical preparations. |
| Pharmacological Action | Chlortetracycline HCL binds to the 30S subunit of the bacterial ribosome. This binding inhibits the binding of amino – acyl tRNA to the mRNA – ribosome complex, preventing the addition of new amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain. As a result, protein synthesis in bacteria is inhibited, leading to the suppression of bacterial growth and replication. It has a broad – spectrum antibacterial activity, being effective against many Gram – positive and Gram – negative bacteria, as well as some mycoplasmas, rickettsiae, and chlamydiae. |
| Clinical Applications | 1. Eye Infections: – Commonly used in ophthalmic preparations to treat bacterial conjunctivitis, keratitis, and other eye infections caused by organisms like Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Haemophilus influenzae. 2. Skin Infections: – Can be used topically for the treatment of minor skin infections such as impetigo, folliculitis, and infected wounds. 3. Veterinary Medicine: – In animals, it is used to treat respiratory, gastrointestinal, and urinary tract infections caused by susceptible bacteria. For example, in poultry, it can be used to treat respiratory infections caused by Mycoplasma gallisepticum. |
| Dosage and Administration | Ophthalmic Use: – For eye infections, an ointment or eye drops containing chlortetracycline HCL are applied. Usually, the ointment is applied 2 – 3 times a day, and the eye drops may be instilled every 1 – 3 hours initially, with the frequency reduced as the condition improves. Topical Skin Use: – The cream or ointment is applied to the affected skin area 2 – 3 times a day, and gently rubbed in. Veterinary Use: – The dosage in animals is calculated based on body weight. For example, in poultry, it may be added to the drinking water at a concentration of 100 – 200 mg/L for a certain number of days depending on the type of infection. In some cases, it can also be administered by injection, with the dose adjusted according to the species and severity of the infection. |
| Adverse Reactions | 1. Local Reactions: – In the eyes, application may cause temporary stinging or burning sensations. On the skin, it may cause local irritation, redness, or itching. 2. Allergic Reactions: – Although rare, allergic reactions such as rashes, hives, and in severe cases, anaphylaxis can occur. 3. Gastrointestinal Effects: – When used systemically (more common in veterinary use), it may cause nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal discomfort. 4. Tooth Discoloration and Bone Growth Effects: – In children, especially those under 8 years old, long – term use can cause permanent tooth discoloration (yellow – brown staining) and may affect bone growth. This is due to the drug’s ability to bind to calcium in developing teeth and bones. |
| Drug Interactions | 1. With Antacids and Dairy Products: – Antacids containing aluminum, calcium, or magnesium, as well as dairy products, can chelate with chlortetracycline HCL. This reduces the absorption of the antibiotic in the gastrointestinal tract, decreasing its effectiveness. 2. With Oral Contraceptives: – Similar to some other antibiotics, chlortetracycline HCL may reduce the effectiveness of oral contraceptives by interfering with the normal gut flora that recycles estrogen conjugates. Women using oral contraceptives should be advised to use additional contraceptive methods during treatment. 3. With Other Antibiotics: – When used in combination with other antibiotics, there can be both synergistic and antagonistic effects. For example, combining it with penicillins may lead to antagonism, as the bacteriostatic effect of chlortetracycline can interfere with the bactericidal action of penicillins. |
| Special Population Considerations | 1. Pregnant Women: – Use during pregnancy is not recommended as it can cross the placenta and may affect fetal bone and tooth development. 2. Breastfeeding Women: – It is excreted in breast milk, and breastfeeding should be avoided during treatment to prevent potential effects on the nursing infant’s teeth and bones. 3. Children under 8 years old: – Due to the risk of tooth discoloration and bone growth effects, chlortetracycline HCL should generally be avoided in this age group, except in some special cases where the benefits clearly outweigh the risks. 4. Patients with Renal Impairment: – The drug should be used with caution in patients with renal impairment, as it may accumulate and increase the risk of side effects. Dosage adjustment may be required. |
| History and Development | Chlortetracycline was the first tetracycline antibiotic to be discovered in 1945 from the bacterium Streptomyces aureofaciens. It was initially used in both human and veterinary medicine due to its broad – spectrum antibacterial activity. Over time, as more tetracycline – class antibiotics were developed, and concerns about resistance and side effects emerged, its use has become more restricted, especially in human medicine. However, it still has important applications in veterinary medicine and topical treatments. |
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