Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients

Ceftazidime Pentahydrate CAS 78439-06-2

Molecular Formula： C22H22N6O7S2,5H2O Molecular Weight： 637 CAS No.: 78439-06-2 It has strong bactericidal power and broad antibacterial spectrum, it is known as super broad-spectrum cephalosporin...

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Introduction

Molecular Formula： C22H22N6O7S2,5H2O

Molecular Weight： 637

CAS No.: 78439-06-2

It has strong bactericidal power and broad antibacterial spectrum, it is known as super broad-spectrum cephalosporin, with low side effects. It is mainly used for patients with moderate and severe infections, and is the first choice for the treatment of critically ill patients with gram-negative bacterial infections.

Description

It is a third generation cephalosporin antibiotic. It is a white or almost white, crystalline powder. It is slightly soluble in water and in methanol, practically insoluble in acetone and in ethanol (96 per cent). It dissolves in acid and alkali solutions.

Application

It is a third-generation broad-spectrum cephalosporin, which is stable to various lactamases, has strong bactericidal action against Gram-positive and negative bacteria, and anaerobic strains, and is highly effective against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. It is the only cephalosporin antibiotic that can replace aminoglycosides.

Packing

25kg/bag or as customer’s requirements

Storage

Preserve in an airtight container. If the substance is sterile, store in a sterile, airtight, tamper-proof container.

Minimum Order

One package

Ceftazidime Pentahydrate: A Veterinary Antibiotic

Ceftazidime Pentahydrate is an important antibiotic in veterinary medicine, used for treating various bacterial infections in animals.

1. General Characteristics

Aspect	Details
Classification	Third – generation cephalosporin antibiotic, belonging to the beta – lactam family. The pentahydrate form contains five molecules of water of crystallization, which can influence its physical and chemical properties.
Source	Synthesized through chemical processes from 7 – aminocephalosporanic acid. Specific side – chain modifications are made to confer its unique antibacterial properties and pharmacokinetic profile.
Formulation	Available as powders, which can be formulated into injectable solutions for parenteral use. This allows for rapid delivery of the drug into the bloodstream to combat infections. In some cases, it may be used in topical formulations for treating localized skin and soft – tissue infections, although injectable use is more common for systemic infections.
Solubility	Soluble in water, which is beneficial for preparing injectable solutions. The presence of water molecules in the pentahydrate form can affect its solubility and stability in different formulations. However, its solubility characteristics enable easy reconstitution of the powder into a suitable solution for administration to animals.

2. Mechanism of Action

Action	Explanation
Inhibition of Cell Wall Synthesis	Similar to other beta – lactam antibiotics, ceftazidime pentahydrate binds to penicillin – binding proteins (PBPs) in bacteria. These proteins are responsible for the cross – linking of peptidoglycan chains in the bacterial cell wall. By blocking this cross – linking process, the cell wall becomes weakened. As the bacteria grow and divide, the weakened cell wall cannot withstand the internal osmotic pressure, leading to cell lysis and death.
Selective Activity	It has a broad – spectrum antibacterial effect. Against Gram – positive bacteria, it is effective against Staphylococcus spp., Streptococcus spp., and Clostridium spp. Among Gram – negative bacteria, it has potent activity against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus spp., Haemophilus influenzae, and Neisseria spp. Third – generation cephalosporins, like ceftazidime pentahydrate, generally have enhanced activity against Gram – negative bacteria compared to first – and second – generation cephalosporins. In particular, it is known for its excellent activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is a common and often difficult – to – treat pathogen in veterinary medicine.

3. Clinical Applications and Considerations

Category	Details
Applications	– Treating respiratory tract infections in livestock and poultry. In poultry, it can be used against Escherichia coli, Pasteurella multocida, and streptococcal infections. In cattle, it helps combat respiratory diseases caused by Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida. Additionally, in cases where Pseudomonas aeruginosa is involved in respiratory infections, such as in certain avian respiratory diseases, ceftazidime pentahydrate can be effective. – Managing urinary tract infections in dogs and cats. It can target Escherichia coli and other common urinary tract pathogens. It is also useful in cases where Pseudomonas aeruginosa causes urinary tract infections, which are more common in certain breeds or in animals with underlying health conditions. – Treating skin and soft – tissue infections in animals, often caused by Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. In cases of complex or chronic skin infections where Pseudomonas aeruginosa may be present, ceftazidime pentahydrate can be considered. – Used in treating postoperative infections in animals. Its broad – spectrum activity makes it capable of targeting a wide range of potential pathogens that may be introduced during surgical procedures. – In aquaculture, it can be used to treat bacterial infections in fish, such as Aeromonas hydrophila infections, due to its effectiveness against Gram – negative bacteria.
Considerations	– Overuse can lead to the development of antibiotic – resistant bacteria. Adhering to proper dosage and treatment duration as prescribed by veterinarians is crucial. – Allergic reactions can occur in some animals, similar to other beta – lactam antibiotics. Symptoms may include rash, itching, swelling, and in severe cases, anaphylaxis. Monitoring for allergic reactions after administration is important. – High doses or long – term use may cause gastrointestinal upset in animals, including diarrhea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. It may also disrupt the normal gut microbiota. – Caution is required when using it in combination with other drugs. There may be potential drug – drug interactions, especially with other antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis or drugs that affect the renal function. For example, when used with aminoglycosides, there may be an increased risk of nephrotoxicity. Additionally, it may interact with certain drugs that are metabolized by the liver, potentially altering their pharmacokinetics.

Ceftazidime Pentahydrate plays a significant role in maintaining the health and productivity of livestock, poultry, companion animals, and in aquaculture by effectively treating a wide range of bacterial infections.