Azithromycin CAS 83905-01-5
Category：Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients
Introduction
Molecular Formula： C38H72N2O12,xH20
Molecular Weight： 748.98
CAS No.: 83905-01-5
It is a second-generation semi-synthetic derivative of macrolides with less side effects than cephalosporin antibiotics. Its antibacterial mechanism is similar to that of erythromycin, but its antibacterial spectrum is broader. It is stable to acid and has good tolerance. It has a good therapeutic effect on respiratory infections, skin and soft tissue infections, and sexually transmitted diseases caused by sensitive strains.
Description
It is a white or almost white powder. It is practically insoluble in water, freely soluble in anhydrous ethanol and in methylene chloride.
Application
Macrocyclic lactam antibiotics, used for the following infections caused by sensitive bacteria: bronchitis, pneumonia and other lower respiratory tract infections; skin and soft tissue infections; acute otitis media; nasosinusitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis and other upper respiratory tract infections.
Packing
25kg/drum or as per customer’s requirements.
Storage
Preserve in airtight containers.
Minimum Order
One package
Azithromycin: A Veterinary Antibiotic
Azithromycin is an important antibiotic in veterinary medicine, used for treating specific bacterial and some mycoplasmal infections in animals.
1. General Characteristics
| Aspect | Details |
| Classification | Macrolide antibiotic, closely related to erythromycin and clarithromycin, but with a distinct chemical structure that confers unique properties. |
| Source | Semi – synthetically derived from erythromycin. Chemical modifications are made to enhance its antibacterial spectrum, pharmacokinetics, and tissue penetration. |
| Formulation | Available as powders, which can be formulated into tablets, capsules, and oral suspensions for convenient oral administration to animals. Injectable forms are also available for parenteral use, especially when rapid systemic delivery is required. In some cases, topical formulations may be used for treating localized infections, such as eye or ear infections. |
| Solubility | Slightly soluble in water. Special formulation techniques are employed to improve its solubility and bioavailability. For example, it may be formulated with surfactants or in lipid – based carriers to enhance absorption in animals. |
2. Mechanism of Action
| Action | Explanation |
| Inhibition of Protein Synthesis | Azithromycin binds to the 50S ribosomal subunit of bacteria. It blocks the exit tunnel of the growing polypeptide chain, preventing the elongation of the polypeptide. By inhibiting the movement of the ribosome along the mRNA, it effectively stops the addition of new amino acids to the growing protein chain. This leads to the inhibition of bacterial protein synthesis and subsequent growth arrest. Additionally, azithromycin may have immunomodulatory effects in some cases, further contributing to the resolution of infections. |
| Selective Activity | It has a broad – spectrum antibacterial effect, mainly targeting Gram – positive bacteria such as Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. It also shows significant activity against many Gram – negative bacteria, including Haemophilus influenzae and some strains of Escherichia coli. Azithromycin is particularly effective against mycoplasmas, which are common pathogens in respiratory and urogenital tract infections in animals. Its unique binding site on the ribosome of these diverse organisms allows it to exert its antibacterial action. |
3. Clinical Applications and Considerations
| Category | Details |
| Applications | – Treating respiratory tract infections in livestock and poultry. In poultry, it can be used against Mycoplasma gallisepticum, Escherichia coli, and Pasteurella multocida infections. In cattle, it helps combat respiratory diseases caused by Mannheimia haemolytica and Pasteurella multocida. – Managing genitourinary tract infections in animals. It is effective against some Gram – negative bacteria and mycoplasmas that cause infections in the urinary and reproductive systems of dogs, cats, and livestock. – Treating eye and ear infections in animals. Topical azithromycin formulations can be used to treat conjunctivitis and otitis externa, often caused by a combination of bacteria and mycoplasmas. – In some cases, used to treat skin and soft – tissue infections in animals, especially those with a component of mycoplasmal or Gram – negative bacterial involvement. |
| Considerations | – Overuse can contribute to the development of antibiotic – resistant bacteria. Adhering to proper dosage and treatment duration as prescribed by veterinarians is crucial. – High doses or long – term use may cause gastrointestinal upset in animals, including diarrhea, vomiting, and loss of appetite. It may also disrupt the normal gut microbiota. – Caution is needed when using it in combination with other drugs. There may be potential drug – drug interactions, especially with other antibiotics that target protein synthesis, as they may compete for binding sites on the ribosome. Additionally, azithromycin can interact with some drugs metabolized by the cytochrome P450 system in animals, leading to altered drug levels. |
Azithromycin plays a significant role in maintaining the health and productivity of livestock, poultry, and companion animals by effectively treating a range of bacterial and mycoplasmal infections.
